podesta_email_07720.txt

podesta-emails 2,714 words email

P22 P17 V14 V11 D3

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- mQQBBGBjDtIBH6DJa80zDBgR+VqlYGaXu5bEJg9HEgAtJeCLuThdhXfl5Zs32RyB I1QjIlttvngepHQozmglBDmi2FZ4S+wWhZv10bZCoyXPIPwwq6TylwPv8+buxuff B6tYil3VAB9XKGPyPjKrlXn1fz76VMpuTOs7OGYR8xDidw9EHfBvmb+sQyrU1FOW aPHxba5lK6hAo/KYFpTnimsmsz0Cvo1sZAV/EFIkfagiGTL2J/NhINfGPScpj8LB bYelVN/NU4c6Ws1ivWbfcGvqU4lymoJgJo/l9HiV6X2bdVyuB24O3xeyhTnD7laf epykwxODVfAt4qLC3J478MSSmTXS8zMumaQMNR1tUUYtHCJC0xAKbsFukzbfoRDv m2zFCCVxeYHvByxstuzg0SurlPyuiFiy2cENek5+W8Sjt95nEiQ4suBldswpz1Kv n71t7vd7zst49xxExB+tD+vmY7GXIds43Rb05dqksQuo2yCeuCbY5RBiMHX3d4nU 041jHBsv5wY24j0N6bpAsm/s0T0Mt7IO6UaN33I712oPlclTweYTAesW3jDpeQ7A ioi0CMjWZnRpUxorcFmzL/Cc/fPqgAtnAL5GIUuEOqUf8AlKmzsKcnKZ7L2d8mxG QqN16nlAiUuUpchQNMr+tAa1L5S1uK/fu6thVlSSk7KMQyJfVpwLy6068a1WmNj4 yxo9HaSeQNXh3cui+61qb9wlrkwlaiouw9+bpCmR0V8+XpWma/D/TEz9tg5vkfNo eG4t+FUQ7QgrrvIkDNFcRyTUO9cJHB+kcp2NgCcpCwan3wnuzKka9AWFAitpoAwx L6BX0L8kg/LzRPhkQnMOrj/tuu9hZrui4woqURhWLiYi2aZe7WCkuoqR/qMGP6qP EQRcvndTWkQo6K9BdCH4ZjRqcGbY1wFt/qgAxhi+uSo2IWiM1fRI4eRCGifpBtYK Dw44W9uPAu4cgVnAUzESEeW0bft5XXxAqpvyMBIdv3YqfVfOElZdKbteEu4YuOao FLpbk4ajCxO4Fzc9AugJ8iQOAoaekJWA7TjWJ6CbJe8w3thpznP0w6jNG8ZleZ6a jHckyGlx5wzQTRLVT5+wK6edFlxKmSd93jkLWWCbrc0Dsa39OkSTDmZPoZgKGRhp Yc0C4jePYreTGI6p7/H3AFv84o0fjHt5fn4GpT1Xgfg+1X/wmIv7iNQtljCjAqhD 6XN+QiOAYAloAym8lOm9zOoCDv1TSDpmeyeP0rNV95OozsmFAUaKSUcUFBUfq9FL uyr+rJZQw2DPfq2wE75PtOyJiZH7zljCh12fp5yrNx6L7HSqwwuG7vGO4f0ltYOZ dPKzaEhCOO7o108RexdNABEBAAG0Rldpa2lMZWFrcyBFZGl0b3JpYWwgT2ZmaWNl IEhpZ2ggU2VjdXJpdHkgQ29tbXVuaWNhdGlvbiBLZXkgKDIwMjEtMjAyNCmJBDEE EwEKACcFAmBjDtICGwMFCQWjmoAFCwkIBwMFFQoJCAsFFgIDAQACHgECF4AACgkQ nG3NFyg+RUzRbh+eMSKgMYOdoz70u4RKTvev4KyqCAlwji+1RomnW7qsAK+l1s6b ugOhOs8zYv2ZSy6lv5JgWITRZogvB69JP94+Juphol6LIImC9X3P/bcBLw7VCdNA mP0XQ4OlleLZWXUEW9EqR4QyM0RkPMoxXObfRgtGHKIkjZYXyGhUOd7MxRM8DBzN yieFf3CjZNADQnNBk/ZWRdJrpq8J1W0dNKI7IUW2yCyfdgnPAkX/lyIqw4ht5UxF VGrva3PoepPir0TeKP3M0BMxpsxYSVOdwcsnkMzMlQ7TOJlsEdtKQwxjV6a1vH+t k4TpR4aG8fS7ZtGzxcxPylhndiiRVwdYitr5nKeBP69aWH9uLcpIzplXm4DcusUc Bo8KHz+qlIjs03k8hRfqYhUGB96nK6TJ0xS7tN83WUFQXk29fWkXjQSp1Z5dNCcT sWQBTxWxwYyEI8iGErH2xnok3HTyMItdCGEVBBhGOs1uCHX3W3yW2CooWLC/8Pia qgss3V7m4SHSfl4pDeZJcAPiH3Fm00wlGUslVSziatXW3499f2QdSyNDw6Qc+chK hUFflmAaavtpTqXPk+Lzvtw5SSW+iRGmEQICKzD2chpy05mW5v6QUy+G29nchGDD rrfpId2Gy1VoyBx8FAto4+6BOWVijrOj9Boz7098huotDQgNoEnidvVdsqP+P1RR QJekr97idAV28i7iEOLd99d6qI5xRqc3/QsV+y2ZnnyKB10uQNVPLgUkQljqN0wP XmdVer+0X+aeTHUd1d64fcc6M0cpYefNNRCsTsgbnWD+x0rjS9RMo+Uosy41+IxJ 6qIBhNrMK6fEmQoZG3qTRPYYrDoaJdDJERN2E5yLxP2SPI0rWNjMSoPEA/gk5L91 m6bToM/0VkEJNJkpxU5fq5834s3PleW39ZdpI0HpBDGeEypo/t9oGDY3Pd7JrMOF zOTohxTyu4w2Ql7jgs+7KbO9PH0Fx5dTDmDq66jKIkkC7DI0QtMQclnmWWtn14BS KTSZoZekWESVYhORwmPEf32EPiC9t8zDRglXzPGmJAPISSQz+Cc9o1ipoSIkoCCh 2MWoSbn3KFA53vgsYd0vS/+Nw5aUksSleorFns2yFgp/w5Ygv0D007k6u3DqyRLB W5y6tJLvbC1ME7jCBoLW6nFEVxgDo727pqOpMVjGGx5zcEokPIRDMkW/lXjw+fTy c6misESDCAWbgzniG/iyt77Kz711unpOhw5aemI9LpOq17AiIbjzSZYt6b1Aq7Wr aB+C1yws2ivIl9ZYK911A1m69yuUg0DPK+uyL7Z86XC7hI8B0IY1MM/MbmFiDo6H dkfwUckE74sxxeJrFZKkBbkEAQRgYw7SAR+gvktRnaUrj/84Pu0oYVe49nPEcy/7 5Fs6LvAwAj+JcAQPW3uy7D7fuGFEQguasfRrhWY5R87+g5ria6qQT2/Sf19Tpngs d0Dd9DJ1MMTaA1pc5F7PQgoOVKo68fDXfjr76n1NchfCzQbozS1HoM8ys3WnKAw+ Neae9oymp2t9FB3B+To4nsvsOM9KM06ZfBILO9NtzbWhzaAyWwSrMOFFJfpyxZAQ 8VbucNDHkPJjhxuafreC9q2f316RlwdS+XjDggRY6xD77fHtzYea04UWuZidc5zL VpsuZR1nObXOgE+4s8LU5p6fo7jL0CRxvfFnDhSQg2Z617flsdjYAJ2JR4apg3Es G46xWl8xf7t227/0nXaCIMJI7g09FeOOsfCmBaf/ebfiXXnQbK2zCbbDYXbrYgw6 ESkSTt940lHtynnVmQBvZqSXY93MeKjSaQk1VKyobngqaDAIIzHxNCR941McGD7F qHHM2YMTgi6XXaDThNC6u5msI1l/24PPvrxkJxjPSGsNlCbXL2wqaDgrP6LvCP9O uooR9dVRxaZXcKQjeVGxrcRtoTSSyZimfjEercwi9RKHt42O5akPsXaOzeVjmvD9 EB5jrKBe/aAOHgHJEIgJhUNARJ9+dXm7GofpvtN/5RE6qlx11QGvoENHIgawGjGX Jy5oyRBS+e+KHcgVqbmV9bvIXdwiC4BDGxkXtjc75hTaGhnDpu69+Cq016cfsh+0 XaRnHRdh0SZfcYdEqqjn9CTILfNuiEpZm6hYOlrfgYQe1I13rgrnSV+EfVCOLF4L P9ejcf3eCvNhIhEjsBNEUDOFAA6J5+YqZvFYtjk3efpM2jCg6XTLZWaI8kCuADMu yrQxGrM8yIGvBndrlmmljUqlc8/Nq9rcLVFDsVqb9wOZjrCIJ7GEUD6bRuolmRPE SLrpP5mDS+wetdhLn5ME1e9JeVkiSVSFIGsumZTNUaT0a90L4yNj5gBE40dvFplW 7TLeNE/ewDQk5LiIrfWuTUn3CqpjIOXxsZFLjieNgofX1nSeLjy3tnJwuTYQlVJO 3CbqH1k6cOIvE9XShnnuxmiSoav4uZIXnLZFQRT9v8UPIuedp7TO8Vjl0xRTajCL PdTk21e7fYriax62IssYcsbbo5G5auEdPO04H/+v/hxmRsGIr3XYvSi4ZWXKASxy a/jHFu9zEqmy0EBzFzpmSx+FrzpMKPkoU7RbxzMgZwIYEBk66Hh6gxllL0JmWjV0 iqmJMtOERE4NgYgumQT3dTxKuFtywmFxBTe80BhGlfUbjBtiSrULq59np4ztwlRT wDEAVDoZbN57aEXhQ8jjF2RlHtqGXhFMrg9fALHaRQARAQABiQQZBBgBCgAPBQJg Yw7SAhsMBQkFo5qAAAoJEJxtzRcoPkVMdigfoK4oBYoxVoWUBCUekCg/alVGyEHa ekvFmd3LYSKX/WklAY7cAgL/1UlLIFXbq9jpGXJUmLZBkzXkOylF9FIXNNTFAmBM 3TRjfPv91D8EhrHJW0SlECN+riBLtfIQV9Y1BUlQthxFPtB1G1fGrv4XR9Y4TsRj VSo78cNMQY6/89Kc00ip7tdLeFUHtKcJs+5EfDQgagf8pSfF/TWnYZOMN2mAPRRf fh3SkFXeuM7PU/X0B6FJNXefGJbmfJBOXFbaSRnkacTOE9caftRKN1LHBAr8/RPk pc9p6y9RBc/+6rLuLRZpn2W3m3kwzb4scDtHHFXXQBNC1ytrqdwxU7kcaJEPOFfC XIdKfXw9AQll620qPFmVIPH5qfoZzjk4iTH06Yiq7PI4OgDis6bZKHKyyzFisOkh DXiTuuDnzgcu0U4gzL+bkxJ2QRdiyZdKJJMswbm5JDpX6PLsrzPmN314lKIHQx3t NNXkbfHL/PxuoUtWLKg7/I3PNnOgNnDqCgqpHJuhU1AZeIkvewHsYu+urT67tnpJ AK1Z4CgRxpgbYA4YEV1rWVAPHX1u1okcg85rc5FHK8zh46zQY1wzUTWubAcxqp9K 1IqjXDDkMgIX2Z2fOA1plJSwugUCbFjn4sbT0t0YuiEFMPMB42ZCjcCyA1yysfAd DYAmSer1bq47tyTFQwP+2ZnvW/9p3yJ4oYWzwMzadR3T0K4sgXRC2Us9nPL9k2K5 TRwZ07wE2CyMpUv+hZ4ja13A/1ynJZDZGKys+pmBNrO6abxTGohM8LIWjS+YBPIq trxh8jxzgLazKvMGmaA6KaOGwS8vhfPfxZsu2TJaRPrZMa/HpZ2aEHwxXRy4nm9G Kx1eFNJO6Ues5T7KlRtl8gflI5wZCCD/4T5rto3SfG0s0jr3iAVb3NCn9Q73kiph PSwHuRxcm+hWNszjJg3/W+Fr8fdXAh5i0JzMNscuFAQNHgfhLigenq+BpCnZzXya 01kqX24AdoSIbH++vvgE0Bjj6mzuRrH5VJ1Qg9nQ+yMjBWZADljtp3CARUbNkiIg tUJ8IJHCGVwXZBqY4qeJc3h/RiwWM2UIFfBZ+E06QPznmVLSkwvvop3zkr4eYNez cIKUju8vRdW6sxaaxC/GECDlP0Wo6lH0uChpE3NJ1daoXIeymajmYxNt+drz7+pd jMqjDtNA2rgUrjptUgJK8ZLdOQ4WCrPY5pP9ZXAO7+mK7S3u9CTywSJmQpypd8hv 8Bu8jKZdoxOJXxj8CphK951eNOLYxTOxBUNB8J2lgKbmLIyPvBvbS1l1lCM5oHlw WXGlp70pspj3kaX4mOiFaWMKHhOLb+er8yh8jspM184= =5a6T -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Hi all- Secretary Clinton, along with President and Chelsea Clinton and the broader Clinton Global Initiative community, just wrapped up a full and exciting week with the 10th CGI Annual Meeting. After 10 years, the quality of commitments as well as the network of individuals, organizations, business and governments have only grown stronger. There were many highlights -not least of which was President Clinton connecting with outer space (seen HERE<http://www.google.com/hostednews/getty/media/ALeqM5jrypl7sg_8b24zB7L4sYGRtU8dmw>)-- and I wanted to share a few with you from Secretary Clinton's three program areas. Too Small to Fail<http://toosmall.org/> * On Wednesday, Secretary Clinton participated in a CNN broadcast session entitled, The Science of Success: Investing in Babies' Minds. Dr. Sanjay Gupta moderated the discussion with Too Small To Fail advisory council member Cindy McCain, Geoffrey Canada from the Harlem Children's Zone, Dr. Nadine Burke Harris from the Center for Youth Wellness and Dr. Rosemarie Truglio from Sesame Workshop. The conversation focused on the early years as a critical time to build babies' brains and lay the foundation for future health and learning. The panelists discussed the powerful role that parents and communities play and highlighted Too Small to Fail's work in promoting early brain development. The session will air on CNN's "Sanjay Gupta MD" tomorrow at 4:30pm ET and Sunday at 7:30am ET. No Ceilings: The Full Participation Project<http://www.clintonfoundation.org/our-work/no-ceilings-full-participation-project> * In a conversation moderated by David Leonhardt of the New York Times, Secretary Clinton and Melinda Gates discussed why they joined forces on No Ceilings to address the critical importance of data in charting the path forward for women's full participation. You can watch a video they showed HERE<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebG_k9XoshI>, previewing some of the No Ceilings data, and you can read a Wired story HERE<http://www.wired.com/2014/09/hillary-clinton-gender-gap/>. * Joined by former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard, Secretary Clinton announced CHARGE - the Collaborative for Harnessing Ambition and Resources for Girls' Education - a commitment by No Ceilings and the Center on Universal Education at the Brookings Institution bringing together 30 cross-sector partners to reach 14 million girls over 5 years. The collaborative, which committed over $600 million towards the effort, will focus on key areas to help close the gender gap in secondary education. You can read more about the announcement in The Atlantic HERE<http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/09/when-girls-get-kidnapped-on-their-way-to-school/380721/> and TIME HERE<http://time.com/3425011/hillary-clinton-education-boko-haram-julia-gillard/>. * Additionally, Chelsea Clinton announced a new commitment by GSMA and its partners to study the barriers to women's access to mobile technology. With this information, the partners commit to launch initiatives that will equip women in low and middle income communities with the tools to access health, education, economic, and other critical services through to mobile devices. Job One<http://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/campaigns/job-one> * On Monday, Secretary Clinton hosted a CGI Executive Roundtable session with nearly 20 CEOs and global economic leaders focused on how to create new solutions to the global youth employment challenge. The conversation addressed both the challenges business face in recruiting and training youth and potential private-sector-led solutions to improve the participation of underserved youth in the global economy. * On Tuesday, representatives from sixteen businesses and nonprofit organizations participated in the first CGI Action Network on U.S. Youth Employment focused on ways the Clinton Foundation can support existing and cultivate new Job One commitment makers. In addition, partners including Year Up and the Ad Council premiered the first-ever PSA campaign encouraging employers to create career pathways for out-of-school, out-of-work youth. You can watch Secretary Clinton lending her support to this effort HERE<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUL0EaE9BDU> and the PSA HERE<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cx55C2zc8OE>. You can also read more about the effort in Fortune HERE<http://fortune.com/2014/09/24/youth-unemployment/>. * Also on Tuesday, Secretary Clinton announced three additional Job One commitments: o Dermalogica<http://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/commitments/fite-future-entrepreneurs-salon-industry-careers-women>, a global skin care company, launched its first U.S. program focused on training unemployed young women for careers in the high-paid salon industry. o North America's Building Trades<http://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/commitments/community-hub-opportunities-construction-employment> committed to launch a new pre-apprenticeship program in the Washington, D.C. region to provide unemployed youth between the ages of 18 and 24 the opportunity to enter the skilled construction industry. o Barrick Gold<http://www.clintonfoundation.org/clinton-global-initiative/commitments/improving-edu-performance-and-employability-nevada>, the mining company, announced a multi-faceted effort to create a local talent base in the Western Shoshonne tribal communities of Nevada through investments in vocational education, internships and mentoring. Finally, building on last year's success in an area that holds personal meaning for both of them, Secretary Clinton and Chelsea brought together heads of state from across Africa, as well as leaders from Asia and a wide range of conservation organizations, to take action against elephant poaching and illegal ivory trafficking. The broad coalition committed to step up efforts to "stop the killing, stop the trafficking, and stop the demand." As always, please don't hesitate to reach out with any feedback and/or new ideas. We always appreciate hearing from you. -Maura SAMPLING OF PRESS COVERAGE No Ceilings After Boko Haram: Hillary Clinton Promises Education For 14 Million Girls (Time) By Eliana Dockterman September 24, 2014 Time Clinton and former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard announced $600 million in private and public funding for global education On Wednesday morning, Hillary Clinton and Former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard announced a new Clinton Global Initiative commitment with the Center on Universal Education at the Brookings Institution for girls' education called CHARGE (The Collaborative for Harnessing Ambition and Resources for Girls Education). The initiative will include 30 other partners, including governments like the United States and organizations from the private sector, committing $600 million to reach 14 million girls around the world in the next five years. "It's time to both celebrate the progress we've made and redouble our efforts," said Clinton at the announcement. Gillard, a fellow at the Brookings Institution, approached Secretary Clinton and Chelsea Clinton a year ago to work together on the initiative. "I think across the world, as we talk about women in developing countries, there's been increasing recognition that empowering women and girls is a key change agent for development. There have been some truly shocking incidents that have caused us to have tears in our eyes and sharply intake our breath-what happened to Malala, what has happened with the Nigerian schoolgirls-that powerfully remind us that in some part of the world, getting an education is still a very dangerous thing for a girl," Gillard told TIME. "It's being targeted because it's powerful. Education is powerful, which is why some people want to stop it and why we should feel so passionate about assuring that it occurs." Up until now, world leaders have focused on enrolling girls in primary school at the same rate as boys. And though the rate of female enrollment in primary school has risen from less than half to nearly 80% in the last 25 years, issues of quality and safety still persist. The Girls CHARGE initiative aims to address what they are calling a "second generation" of girls' issues especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South West Asia. And while incidents like the kidnapping in Nigeria of more than 200 school girls by the radical group Boko Haram are extreme, they are emblematic of the harsh realities of educating girls in some parts of the world. CHARGE has five main goals: 1. Keep girls in school 2. Ensure school safety and security 3. Improve quality of learning for girls 4. Support transitions from and out of school 5. Support girls' education leaders/workers in developing countries to fulfill these goals Partners of CHARGE are taking different steps in specific regions to reach these goals. The government of Nepal is committing $29 million to the cause and providing bicycles to girls to ensure girls can get to and from school. The BRAC organization is establishing 8,000 adolescent girl clubs in Bangladesh by 2019 to provide safe spaces for girls, among other efforts. The Clinton Global Initiative and Brookings will evaluate the progress of the organizations towards their goals over the course of the next five years. Any government that wants to join the effort can. Developing nations must work towards gender equality in education to improve their economy: Educated women add to family income by working, and their children are more likely to become educated themselves. But those girls most desperately in need live in countries where the governments don't want to cooperate with initiatives like this one. "That's obviously a huge challenge," Rachel Vogelstein of the Clinton Foundation's No Ceilings Initiative told TIME. "We're hoping to work with our partners and civil society organizations to cultivate leaders on a grassroots level in those locations." But even as Clinton and Gillard look to empower women across the globe, they recognize that there are still equality gaps in the Western World as well. Both Gillard and Clinton have faced misogyny throughout their political careers. Gillard points out that women in countries like the United States and Australia cannot settle and must still fight for progress: "My own perspective is that in many places around the world-Australia, here in the United States-after the big push of the second wave of feminism in our own nations, there was the assumption made that naturally gender change was happening and everything would equalize. I think in recent years there's been a realization that no, there are still problems in our own nations, including domestic violence, that require a dedicated focus and approach. The dialogue both in Australia and the United States must still include questions of political leadership, corporate leadership, civil society leadership where doors still need to be opened for women." Job One How to help America's most vulnerable jobseekers: Undereducated youth By Claire Zillman September 24, 2014 Fortune A new campaign announced at the Clinton Global Initiative seeks to match corporations with young, unemployed Americans who lack a college degree. What are the chances it will work? A few folks over at the Clinton Global Initiative have cooked up a plan to solve the problem of millions of young Americans who lack steady jobs or a college education: match them with corporations in need of entry-level talent. The Ad Council, which produces public service advertisements, along with a coalition of mentoring and workplace training non-profits, rolled out a campaign called Grads of Life on Tuesday to help corporations fill the 4 million currently vacant positions in the U.S. with what the campaign calls "opportunity youths," 16 to 24-year olds who have not followed a traditional education path. There are an estimated 6 million "opportunity youths" in the U.S. The campaign launched a series of public service announcements and an online platform aimed at introducing corporate America to this potential workforce. The platform also offers companies access to job preparation-related non-profits like Year Up, the Employment Pathways Project, MENTOR: The National Mentoring Partnership, and Opportunity Nation. "Two-hundred and fifty of the Fortune 1000 companies are having trouble finding entry level talent," says Shawn Bohen, national director for strategic growth and impact for Year Up, an organization that provides workplace training and internships to urban youth. When it comes to hiring young Americans, corporations have been derailed by negative perceptions of Millennials and a reliance on hiring processes that are tailored toward applicants with four-year degrees, Bohen says. "Meanwhile the number of people not in the economy is growing on our watch. So we've gotten into this campaign to raise awareness on the employers' side about the success other employers are having [hiring opportunity youth]," she said. Young Americans are among those who suffered most from the economic downturn. In the recession's wake, they have endured unemployment at a rate nearly twice as high as the nationwide average. Individuals age 16-24 experienced 18.1% unemployment in July 2011. The country as a whole, meanwhile, reported 9% joblessness at that time. In July 2014, youth unemployment had dropped to 14.3%, but that was still more than double the national rate of 6.2%. Those figures are especially alarming since research shows that workers who are unemployed as young adults earn lower wages for many years after their jobless stints. The Center for American Progress estimates that young Americans who were stuck in long-term unemployment during the recession will miss out on a collective $20 billion in potential earnings over the next 10 years. The Grads of Life campaign specifically seeks to help young Americans who have dropped out of high school or college. Many of these Americans struggle to build an economic foundation for adult independence, putting a burden not just on the individual, but on taxpayers and society as a whole. Every year, each one of these opportunity youths-through lost taxes and higher government spending, mainly on the criminal justice system-costs taxes payers an estimated $13,890 a piece. Multiply that times 6 million and you have an $83 billion problem. Nonprofits like Year Up have long been trying to address this issue. The 14-year old Boston-based organization uses community-based organizations, high schools, and religious organizations to identify young adults with high school diplomas or GEDs who are fit for its one-year program, which combines six months of workplace training in a classroom setting with six months of a professional internship at companies like AOL, Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, and American Express. Four months after the program ends, 85% of participants are employed at jobs that pays an average of $15 per hour, Bohen says. One year after the program's completion, the stats are about the same. By participating in the Grads of Life campaign, nonprofits like Year Up get a chance to spread the word on a growing problem. That's certainly an admirable goal. The campaign "has put [its] finger on a real source of concern," says Gary Burtless, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution who researches labor market policy and unemployment. "But I'm not sure whether the best way to work on it is to round up employers [to fix the problem]." It might work, he says, if something like 35% of the business community participates, including highly regarded companies. (The Grads of Life campaign says that The Gap, JPMorgan Chase, and Salesforce.com have created their own programs for hiring non-traditional candidates.) After all, that's how employer-sponsored health insurance spread. A few big companies implemented it as a way to get around the government's wage controls during World War II and it slowly trickled down to smaller businesses, becoming a standard benefit by the 1960s. But Burtless is skeptical that non-traditional job training and hiring practices will catch on in a similar way because the United States, historically, has turned away from such programs. In the past, the U.S. relied on apprenticeships as a substitute path to employment for students who didn't flourish in typical education settings. But instead of spreading to white collar professions, apprenticeships "remained little islands of the economy in the construction and building trades," Burtless says. Institutions that offered worker training back in the 19th century, like what's now known as the Rochester Institute of Technology, eventually started offering four-year degrees. "They realized they weren't going to survive if they didn't call themselves colleges," Burtless says. The U.S. is now a nation that's "very suspicious of routes that don't end with a diploma." It's not that way in other countries. Burtless pointed to apprentice systems in Germany, Austria, and Denmark that are mainstream, but that's largely thanks to post-World War II education system overhauls. Government intervention at the federal level would go a long way toward getting such a system to stick in the United States, but because state and local governments directly oversee school systems, "our national government is very reluctant to intervene," Burtless says. And, as the Grads of Life program points out, that's to the detriment of young Americans who don't have access to-or don't succeed in-the traditional education system. "We don't do very well by those kids," Burtless says, "They need to make a living too."