EFTA00578074.pdf

Wor ld Travel Tourl m CounLil South Africa's 41 Travel & Tourism Economic Driver for the 21st Century TRAVEL & TOURISM Gmaiins5„ .Jobs EFTA00578074  WTTC MEMBERSHIP Daniel AtToiler* Sebastian Escarrer W James McNerney Jr Ian Swain Chohnum Chief Execuave Office, President & CEO Thesedon Kuoni Travel Holding Limited Sol Melia GEAircraft Engines Swain Travel Services. Inc. Don Carty William R Fall Sandy Miller Ratan Tata Chairman Chaiinuen & CEO Chairman of the Ronal & CEO American Airlines Chairman & Managing Director Canadian Pacific Hotels Budget Rent-a-Car The Taj Group of Hotels Peter Armstrong Bernard D. Frelat Steve Miller Pfesearna & CEO President & CEO Chief Executive Officer Jose Antonio Taxon Great Canadian Railtour Co Rail Europe Group. Inc. Resort Condominiums President & CEO International. Inc. Amadeus Global Travel Praphant Asam-aree William H. Friesell Ptesning Marilyn Carlson Nelson Distribution Choi/num N.C.C. Management & Diners Club International President. CEO and lice Chair Jonathan M. Tisch Development Co.. li d. Carlson Companies, Inc. Haney Golub* President & CEO Ted Balestreri Chairman & CEO Roland Nilsson laws Hotels Chninnon & CEO American Express Company President & CEO Cannery Row Company Scandic Hotels AB Mustafa Turkmen Maurice H. Greenberg CEO & Managing Director Roger Halloo Chairman. President & CEO P.R.S. ()heal* Global Vacation Group Enternasyonal Tourism American International Group Site President and Chairman The Oberoi Group Investments. Inc. James E. Barlett R. Craig Hecuba Yapi Kredl Bank of Turkey Pershing & CEO Frank A. Olson' Chaim/an & CEO Galileo International Chairman & CEO Stanley Tollman Avis. Inc. The Hertz Corporation Chairman Juergen Bartels Robin W. Ingle The Travel Corporation Chairman & CEO James J. O'Neill Chaiinuen Westin Hotels & Resorts President Wolf-Riidiger Uhlig Ingle International Inc. ONEX Food Services. Inc. Paul Blackney Mameging Dann Chairman Xabier de Irak Joaquim Paiva Chaves SRS Hotels XTRA On-Line Chairman & CEO Managing Director Steigenberger Reservation Service Iberia Stephen F. Bollenbach Sonae Thrismo Noel Irwin-Hentschel Leo NI van Wijk President & CEO Alan Parker Chainmen & CEO Pendent Hilton Hotels Corporation Managing Director AmericanTours International KIM Royal Dutch Airlines James Brown Whitbread Hotel Company Chief Operating Officer Clive Jacobs Gary L Paxton Joseph Vittoria Rosewood Hotels & Resorts Chainmen & CEO President & CEO Chairman & CEO Holiday AMOR International Dollar Rent-A-Car Systems Inc Travel Services International Robert H. Burns* Chairman David W. Jarvis Girard Nilsson* Daniel P. Weadock RHB Holdings I.imited Chief Ewe-odor President of the Supervisory Roan( President & CEO Hilton International Accor S.A. Manfred Rosette ITT Sheraton Corporation Chohnum Andre Jordan* Gilles Nilsson Messe Berlin GmbH Chemnudn Jurgen Weber Chairman & CEO LUSOTUR S.A. Chairman Peter Cass EuroDlsney S.A. Lufthansa German Airlines Ptesning Gerhard Kastelic Dionisio Pestana Preferred Hotels & Resorts Pirshlent & CEO Chairman John Wilson Vienna International Airport Group Pestana Chief Executive Alun Cathcart Chahnum & CEO Richard R. Kelley Alberto del Pino Millennium & Copthorne Hotels Avis Europe Chairman Chief Executive Officer plc Gerlach Cerfontaine Outrigger Enterprises. Inc. Allegro Resorts Vincent A. Wolfington• President Geoffrey J.W. Kent Sir Ian Prosser, Chain/um Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Chaiiman Chairman Carey International. Inc. U. Gary Charlwood Abercrombie & Kent Bass PLC Chairman & CEO Ron Woodard Sol Kenner, Reed Travel Gmup Uniglobe Travel (International) Thesidon Chairman Inc. Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group Boeing Commercial Airplane Sun International Group Christophe Charpentier Sir Ralph Robins Herald Klein• Chairman Chabman Member of the Executive Board Hani Yamani Havas Voyages Rolls-Royce plc Chairman Lufthansa German Airlines Cheong Choong Kong Michael D. Rose Hani A Z Yamani Investments Ltd Jonathan S. Linen Chnuman Deputy Chairman & CEO Vice Chairman Promos Hotel Shuichim Yamannuchi Singapore Airlines Limited American Express Company Chairman CorporationMarrah's Robert Collier William W.N. Liu Entertainment. Inc. East Japan Railway Company Mee Chairman Remittent & CEO Carl Ruderman Saturn Overseas Holdino, parent Ulrich 'Berke Abacus Distribution Systems Chairman company of Inter-Continental Chief Execuebe Hotels and Resorts William E. Lobeck Universal Media. Inc. The Thomas Cook Group John H. Dasburg Thrsidem Pave Zupan Ruskovic President & CEO Republic Industries Inc President Northwest Airlines Automotive Rental Group Atlas Travel Agency Honorary Members Jim Davidson Nashirudeen Mallam-Hasham Ivan Michael Schaeffer Sir Frank Moore. AO President & CEO Chairman & Mat aging Mimeo, President & CEO Chairman System One Company Air Mauritius Woodside Travel Trust Taylor Byrne Tourism Group Robert H. Dickinson. CTC J. W. Marriott. Jr.• Robert Selander Chapman & CEO James D. Robinson III President President & CEO Carnival Cruise I.ines Marriott International. Inc MasterCard International Chairman & CEO RRE Investors. LLC Michael J. Durham Sir Colin Marshall* John L. Sharpe Chairman Emeritus. WTTC President & CEO Chanmat President & COO The SABRE Group British Airways PLC Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts Tommaso Zanzotto Sir John Egan• Isao Matsuhashi Fernando Souza Pinto President Chief Executive Chaeirmen of the Board President & CEO T'L Associates BAA plc Japan Travel Bureau Inc. Yang President Elhamy Ellayra James McCrea Ron Stringfellow Geoffrey H. Lipman Chairman & CEO Managing Director Executive Chairman Emma Ravel Air New Zealand Southern Sun Group *Executive Committee Member EFTA00578075  World Tr • v it I September 1998 —6 — Ton fl ans Council President Nelson Mandela Executive Deputy President Thabo Mbeki Eweutive Committee Republic of South Africa Chairman Ramey Golub Anonican Empress Company Viee•Chairmen In support of your South Africa Jobs Summit, the Members of the World Travel & Robot L. Crandall Anonican Airlines Tourism Council, the global business leaders forum, urge you to reflect the significant job creation potential of Travel & Tourism in the Jobs Summit action plan. Sir Cohn Marshall British Ainrays pie This report, based on new concepts of Satellite Accounting being developed through inter- Otani Pelisson Ace°, S.A. national public/private sector collaboration shows the direct economic impact of the South Committee Members African Travel & Tourism industry. It also calculates Travel & Tourism's very strong flow Daniel Attunes through effect across the economy, stimulating employment in upstream suppliers and KfleMi Trawl Holding Limited downstream servicers of travellers and travel companies — construction, telecommunica- Sir John Egan litAA plc tions, retail and manufacturing. Andre Jordan It suggests that by 2010 more than 174,000 new jobs can be created directly by the !mmar S.A. Travel & Tourism industry, and 516,000 jobs can be created, directly and indirectly, Sol Kenner San International across the broader South African economy. ilemat Klein Lufthansa German Airlines These will be good jobs ranging across the employment spectrum from white to blue col- lar. They will pay higher than average wages and be particularly accessible to women, the 1. W. Manion, Alarrunt International. Inc unskilled and new entrants into the job market. They will incorporate high levels of train- P.R.S. ObefOt ing. The majority will be in small and medium-sized enterprises — often in city centres or The (Theroi Group rural areas where structural unemployment is most severe. Prank A. Olson The Herr. Corporation We also set out general policy directions based on our Millennium Vision — which we Sir Ian Prosser believe could help to realise that potential. These are closely aligned to the broad policy Bum plc goals of your government, reflected in the "Tourism in Gear" approach. Vincent A. Mutilation Carey Intonational. Inc. The Members of the World Travel & Tourism Council stand ready to work with you to Immediate Past Chairman create hundreds of thousands of jobs into the new Millennium. RObefl El. Burns ROB Holdings Lamoied Chairman Emeritus lames I). Robinson Ill RRE lawman. LW Respectfully. President Geoffrey II. Lipman Wail,i T.rrrl@ Tourism Council Harvey Golub Geoffrey H. Lipman Chairman President %%Tie Registered Office: 20 Grosvenor Place. London SW1X 71T. U.K. Tel: (444-171) 838 9400 Fax: (444-171) 838 9050 http://www.wac.org e-mail: Creatinglobsecompusent.com A Company- Lamed by Centime. Reputation No. 2506591 TRAVEL &TOURISM: Cre-ati Jobs EFTA00578076 SOUTH AFRICA TRAVEL & TOURISM CREATING JOBS* 1998 2010 T&T Industry Jobs 250,000 420,000 % of Total 2.4 3.1 Jobs Created 175,000 T&T Economy Jobs 735,000 1,250,000 % of Total 7.0 9.3 Jobs Created 516,000 *Baseline Scenario • "figures rounded" EFTA00578077  South Africa's Travel & Tourism - Economic Driver for the 21st Century This Report: Assesses the impact of 'fravel & Tourism - day and stay, business and leisure, domestic and international — in the South African economy. It covers: • T&T INDUSTRY showing the size of the sector — transport, accommodation, catering, recreation and related activities. • T&T ECONOMY showing the impact of Travel & Tourism as it ripples through the wider economy. It uses the modern statistical measurement technique of 'National Satellite Accounting' to identify direct economic effects of travellers and travel companies, as well as the indirect economic effects of suppliers and support services. WTTC/WEFA are at the forefront of international public/private sector research in this area. Develops a range of forecasts about the future of Travel & Tourism: • Baseline — the most likely. • Optimistic — with most favourable circumstances. • Pessimistic — with most unfavourable circumstances. These have been devised with help of a panel of local experts. Unless otherwise specified, the baseline forecast is used throughout. Makes a series of policy recommendations which are designed to help government tap the huge potential benefits that Travel & Tourism offers South Africa. It should be read with regard to wider trends towards globalisa- lion, privatisation, regionalisation and public/private sector driven market economies. In order to become fully competitive South Africa, together with the wider Southern African region, must continue to move towards liberalised markets. TIP OF AN ECONOMIC ICEBERG ACCOMMODATION T&T Industry • CATERING / /0 ENTERTAINMENT • /• RECREAT ION T&T Economy /TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER •- :ressioimemmane TRAVE ELATED SERVICES Services • Oil/Gas Supply • Wholesalers • Printing/Publishing • Utilities • Financial Services • Sanitation Services • Furnishings and Equipment Suppliers • Security Services • Rental Car Manufacturing • Transportation • Administration • Tourism Promotion • Ship Building • Aircraft Manufacturing • Resort Development • Glass Products • Iron/Steel • Computers • Utilities • Concrete • Mining • Plastics • Chemicals • Textiles • Metal Products • Wood EFTA00578078 The Reality of South Africa's Travel & Tourism But ■ Some parts of South Africa are increasingly seen as Travel & Tourism is emerging as a leading global economic unsafe for tourists. driver for the 21st century. In South Africa, it is already an ■ There are gaps in infrastructure and lack of capacity in important contributor to employment and wealth creation, some areas. with a huge flow through effect which touches all sectors of ■ Product quality and service levels do not always meet the economy. In the past three years, Travel & Tourism has international standards. created 187,170 new jobs across the South African economy alone. It has enormous potential as a catalyst for Prospects future economic and social development throughout the entire Southern African region. The future for Travel & Tourism in South Africa could take very different forms, depending on several key factors Travel & Tourism is different from most other industries including government monetary policy, the rise or fall in because travellers are by definition mobile and they crime and the effectiveness of the industry's product generate economic activity at different times and places — development and marketing. often indistinguishably from that generated by local residents. These activities, however, have a huge flow SOUTH AFRICA through effect across other economic sectors. Satellite Travel & Tourism Economy GDP Accounting maps that impact. Pessimistic, Baseline & Optimistic 1988-2010 (Billions of Rand) Today's T&T INDUSTRY represents: 248,141 jobs: 2.4% of total employment 350 Rand (R)16.982m GDP: 2.6% of the total Optimistic 300 Today's T&T ECONOMY represents: 250 Base 737,600 jobs: 7.0% of total employment 200 R53.2bn GOP: 8.2% of total GDP 150 R24.2bn exports: 13.2% of total exports R12.8bn capital investment: 11.4% of total investment 100 Pessimistic (11770WEPA estimates) 50 0 Strengths and Weaknesses 1988 1993 1998 2003 2010 South Africa has tremendous advantages in the global tourism market and some critical challenges. The future SOUTH AFRICA Travel & Tourism Economy Employment prosperity of the sector will be assured only if these Pessimistic, Baseline & Optimistic 1988-2010 advantages are consolidated and the weaknesses minimised. (Thousands of Jobs) ■ The characteristics of South African tourism products 1600 are in line with global market trends for adventure Optimistic tourism, ecotourism, cultural tourism etc. 1400 ■ Since 1994 there has been significant increased 1200 capacity for tourism in accommodation, transport. 1000 airlinks etc. Pessimistic 800 There has been increased coordination of tourism initiatives in Southern Africa for expansion and 600 increased diversity of products. 400 a South Africa represents exceptional value for money 200 for visitors from key origin markets. ■ South Africa has a positive international image for its 0 1988 1993 1998 2003 2010 democratic political transformation. EFTA00578079  South Africa Travel & Tourism Forecast: Baseline Case 1998 2010 Growth Rand % of Tot Rand °/0 of Tot % Real** Consumer Expenditures 23.2 5.8% 79.3 6.4% 3.5% Business Travel 8.8 29.1 3.4% Government Expenditures 0.8 0.5*/* 4.9 1.1% 9.2% Capital Investment 12.8 11.4% 47.8 13.5*/* 5.1% Exports 24.2 13.2% 109.2 17.5% 6.8% T&T Demand 69.8 270.2 5.2% GDP* 53.2 8.2*/* 210.9 10.3% 5.5% Imports* 16.6 9.2*/* 59.3 9.5% 4.6% Taxes* 15.0 8.4*/* 55.1 10.6% 4.8% Employment* (Thous) 737.6 7.0% 1,253.7 9.3% 4.5% •T&T Economy Totals "Annualized Growth All Rand figures are in Billions. In the most likely "baseline scenario," forecast : ■ South African consumers will spend more of their In these circumstances, Travel & Tourism could add more than half a million new jobs across South Africa's economy disposable income on Travel & Tourism which will over the next 12 years. Most of these jobs. will be for grow to 6.4% of total personal consumption by 2010. young people, first time job seekers and women. They will ■ Government Travel & Tourism expenditure will also be strongly concentrated in small businesses and local increase by almost 10% per year. communities throughout the country. ■ The share of private capital expenditure attributed to Travel & Tourism will rise at about 5% per year, and In many cases they fit model employment patterns: will be focused, not only, on major hotel and resort ■ They can be created at low cost, and faster than most development, but also on game parks and guesthouses. industries ■ Foreign visitor spending will continue to grow at double ■ They are service and export related digit rates for the next two years and at more than 6% ■ They stimulate regeneration and cohesion by counter- per year for the first decade of the 21st century. balancing the flow from disadvantaged rural areas To make this baseline a reality, and indeed to reach towards ■ They are often created in small, family run businesses the optimistic scenario, a climate needs to be created to ■ They provide significant opportunities for women encourage a relatively safe and hospitable environment for travellers; targeted marketing and clear branding; incentives ■ They are ideal for young, or first time employees for investment — particularly for improvement of infrastruc- ■ They can provide education, training and skill ture: maintenance of quality; and progressive expansion of development cooperative ventures in the Southern African region. ■ Wages are at or above the economic average South Africa Travel & Tourism Forecast 2010 — Pessimistic and Optimistic Cases ---- Pessimistic ---- Optimistic Rand % of Tot Rand % of Tot Consumer Expenditures 55.3 4.9% 119.1 9.6% Business Travel 20.6 42.9 Government Expenditures 2.9 0.6% 8.7 2.0% Capital Investment 32.3 9.1% 74.3 21.0% Exports 69.2 11.1% 181.7 29.1% T&T Demand 180.3 426.7 GDP* 139.6 6.8% 336.0 16.4% Employment* (Thous) 1,043.7 7.76/0 1,570.5 11.6% •T&T Economy Totals. All Rand figures are in Billions. EFTA00578080 Realising the Potential Tomorrow's T&T INDUSTRY can represent: Travel & Tourism is already a strong and growing force in 422,182 jobs: 3.1% of total employment South Africa — generating wealth, jobs and investment Rand (R) 68.1bn of GDP: 3.3% of the total across the economy and enhancing social development. Its impact will be substantially increased if: Tomorrow's T&T ECONOMY can represent ■ The people of South Africa reap the benefits at the 1,253,700 jobs: 9.3% of total employment community level. R210.9bn of GDP: 10.3% of the total ■ The underlying policy framework is conducive to R109.2bn of exports: 17.5% of the total dynamic growth. ■ The private sector develops competitive products and R47.8bn of capital investment: 13.5% of the total leading edge international standards of service (IVTTCAVEM VS esfinnues) ■ Government creates a climate which attracts invest- ment, streamlines regulation and builds infrastructure. conclusions and the government's Tourism in Gear Strategy ■ Consumer interest and confidence is maintained. Modern travellers are discerning and have an increasing choice of destinations. Reputations have to be carefully and creatively built on a base of quality, but they can be lost overnight. It is vitally important that safety and security is assured. Maintaining consumer confidence should be a top priority for government, if the potential benefits of tourism to the economy are to be realised. There is a growing consensus as to the pivotal role of Travel & Tourism in sustainable economic and social development in the Southern African region. There is, for example, a strong correlation between the concepts contained in WITC's Milleniwn Vision for Africa, the World Economic Forum's recent Namibia summit V lir WTTC AFRICA TOURISM IN GEAR WEF NAMIBIA MILLENNIUM VISION Highlight Travel & Tourism Recognize the full value of Tourism across Develop Tourism as as a strategic economic/ the economy and measure it through a National priority employment priority,based on Satellite Accounts its full economic impact Advance Sustainable growth, regional Establish an internationally recognizable Implement a new International marketing public & private sector marketing, brand, leverage natural wildlife strategy, freshen branding and particularly majoring on Afrikatourism to promote and culture of Southern Africa into develop eco and cultural tourism cultural and natural heritage national strategies Improve quality and quantity of skilled Invest in education and training to Put education and training at manpower in tourism,and upgrade raise operational quality,standards the forefront of national and hospitality front line service and competitiveness regional tourism development. Investigate Infrastructure needs Engage international/regional financial Attract support from international and resources, leverage government institutions in tourism growth, advance financing institutions for programs towards tourism and obtain publicfprivate sector initiatives, develop Travel & Tourism infrastruture special funding allocations. infrastructure for sustainable growth. EFTA00578081 Recommendations Against this background WTTC recommends that the South African Government: 1. Make Travel & Tourism a strategic economic ■ Ensure that sustainable Travel & Tourism strategies take and employment priority into account the need for local community ■ Recognise Travel & Tourism's flow through effect development, engagement and empowerment. across the economy and establish a National Satellite ■ Expand microloans to provide incentives for local Account to measure it. community based sustainable tourism enterprises. ■ Reflect Travel & Tourism in mainstream policies for employment, trade, investment and education. 4. Eliminate Barriers to Growth Build safety and security provisions into national, 2. Move Towards Open and Competitive provincial and local tourism strategies and practice Markets putting a special emphasis on Travel & Tourism in ■ Progressively liberalise trade, transport and overall policing strategies. telecommunications through the World Trade ■ Place education and training at the forefront of tourism Organization and regional trading regimes. development, expanding it in school curricula and ■ Pay particular attention to opening up air transport highlighting its career prospects and role in national markets to attract more long haul services and improve economic rejuvenation: introduce measures to increase regional networks by expanding liberal aviation skills — particularly front-line service. accords, bilaterally and regionally. ■ Expand Infrastructure, particularly for airports, air ■ Upgrade promotion to match prevailing competitive traffic control and streamline border clearance. approaches: restructure SATOUR with adequate funds eliminating visas where possible. along public/private sector cooperative lines and ■ Engage international financial institutions including the coordinate provincial, national and regional marketing. World Bank and the African Development Bank to ■ Consider building on the branding concept of support sustainable tourism infrastructure in lending "Afrikatourism" highlighting South Africa's unique priorities. natural. cultural and wildlife traditions. ■ Develop fiscal regimes which encourage tourism growth, exports, investment, infrastructure, business 3. Pursue Sustainable Development innovation and job creation. ■ Establish clear procedures and guidelines for planned and sustainable tourist expansion as proposed in Tourism in GEAR: pay particular attention to eco tourism and ensure that park facilities are expanded sustainably. ■ Adopt the principles of Agenda 21 for the Travel & Tourism Industry developed by the WTTC, the World Tourism Organization and the Earth Council. Make South Africa a GREEN GLOBE destination and encourage certification. We believe such policies, developed with close public/private sector collaboration would ensure the creation of between half a million and 800,000 new jobs across the South African economy by 2010. EFTA00578082  Satellite Accounting Concepts Demand Supply (Millions of Rand) (Millions of Rand) Direct Indirect Total GDP GDP Imports Supply Other Demand Consumption 50,623 16,982 21,589 12,052 50,623 19,135 6,419 8,160 4,556 19,135 69,758 23,401 29,749 16,608 69,758 4 4 4 Employment (Jobs) Direct Indirect Total Jobs Jobs Imports lobs El Travel & Tourism Consumption - traditionally known as visitor spending, this is the primary measure of Travel 248,141 287,150 N/A 535,290 & Tourism expenditures which includes personal, business and government travel provided by or for visitors. It also captures purchases of travel-related consumer durables. 93,791 108,535 N/A 202,327 Travel & Tourism Demand - in order to capture the 1:1 broader impact that Travel & Tourism has on the econ- omy, this concept expands Travel & Tourism Consumption to include related capital and infrastruc- 341,932 395,685 N/A 737,617 ture investment, government spending and exports of manufactured goods used abroad by Travel & Tourism. T&T Industry - is the direct South African value-added and employment associated with Travel & Tourism Consumption (A). Direct producers include airlines, hotels, car rental, tour agents/operators and retail shops, etc. When to Use Which Result/Estimate D. T&T Economy - is the direct and indirect South African A. When illustrating Travel & Tourism's value-added and employment (D1 and D2) associated consumption demand with Travel & Tourism Demand (B). B. When illustrating Travel & Tourism's total D1 Direct producers include C plus aircraft demand in the economy manufacturers, resort developers, highway construction, etc. C. When making GDP and employment com- parisons between Travel & Tourism and D2 Indirect producers include fuel suppliers, food other industries suppliers, paper suppliers and wholesalers, plus steel producers, electrical equipment makers, D. When making GDP and employment wood products, etc. assessments of Travel & Tourism's total economic impact 8 EFTA00578083  South Africa's Travel & Tourism Economic aim Performance and Potential This report follows the concept of Satellite Accounting, It considers two different, but related measurements of developed by public/private sector experts under the Travel & Tourism illustrated in the charts below: auspices of the World Tourism Organization. ■ T&T Industry: The concept of the direct It deals with all Travel & Tourism — day and stay, business Travel & Tourism Industry. This shows the size and leisure, international and domestic according to United of the industry and can be used to compare Nations definitions. Travel & Tourism to other industries in the economy. It identifies, from South Africa's National Accounts, items such as personal consumption, intermediate inputs, govern- ■ T&T Economy: The concept of the direct and ment expenditures, imports/exports, and value-added related indirect Travel & Tourism Economy. This to Travel & Tourism. shows the more comprehensive "flow through effect" that Travel & Tourism has across the The report shows three forecast scenarios — baseline, opti• economy as a whole. mistic and pessimistic. Unless specified the baseline is used. SOUTH AFRICA Travel & Tourism Employment (Thousands of Jobs) 900 Economy r_j Industry 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 T&T Economy 0 I I Direct and indirect 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 T&T Industry from visitor activity, Direct visitor activity capital investment, (transportation, exports and accommodation, SOUTH AFRICA government Travel & Tourism GDP catering, recreation services. (1998 Constant Rand Billions) and travel services) no ■Economy .Industry so 60 40 ao 20 10 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000