podesta-emails
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Why Growing Income Inequality is Bad For America
The recent controversy over the huge bonuses at financial firms like AIG
and J.P. Morgan Chase have served to highlight both the disproportionate
growth of the financial sector, and the perverse incentives that led traders
and executives to take reckless risks with their companies and our economy.
But they have also shined the spotlight once again on the grave threat
posed to our society by the growing income inequality that was the trademark of
the last thirty years of our economic history.
Some facts:
* The CEO of the average company in the Standard and Poor’s Index makes
$10.5 million. That means that before lunch, on the first workday of the
year, he (sometimes she) has made more than the minimum wage workers in his
company will make all year. That translates to $5,048 per hour – or about 344
times that pay of the typical American worker.
* Most people would consider a salary of $100,000 per year reasonably good
pay. But the average CEO makes that much in the first half-week of the
year.
* And that’s nothing compared to some of the kings of Wall Street. In
2007, the top 50 hedge and private equity fund managers averaged $588 million
in compensation each– more than 19,000 times as much as the average U.S.
worker. And by the way, the hedge fund managers paid a tax rate on their
income of only 15% -- far lower than the rate paid by their secretaries.
There is simply no moral or economic justification for this kind of greed.
Just as important, growing income inequality is a cancer that is attacking
both the economy, and the social and political fabric of our society. A
look at economic history makes several things clear.
1) Growth of income inequality does not result from “natural economic laws,
” as conservatives would like us to believe. It is the result of systems
set up by human beings that differentially benefit different groups in the
society.
At the beginning of the Great Depression, income inequality, and
inequality in the control of wealth, was very high. Then came the “the great
compression” between 1929 and 1947. Real wages for workers in manufacturing rose
67% while real income for the richest 1% of Americans fell 17%. This
period marked the birth of the American middle class. Two major forces drove
these trends – unionization of major manufacturing sectors, and the public
policies of the New Deal that were sparked by the Great Depression.
The growing spending power of everyday Americans spurred the postwar boom
1947 to 1973. Real wages rose 81% and the income of the richest 1% rose
38%. Growth was widely shared, but income inequality continued to drop.
From 1973 to 1980, everyone lost ground. Real wages fell 3% and income for
the richest 1% fell 4%. The oil shocks, and the dramatic slowdown in
economic growth in developing nations, took their toll on America and the
world economy.
Then came what Paul Krugman calls “the New Gilded Age.” Beginning in
1980, there were big gains at the very top. The tax policies of the Reagan
administration magnified income redistribution. Between 1980 and 2004, real
wages in manufacturing fell 1%, while real income of the richest one percent
rose 135%.
Much as they like to tout the magic “natural” effects of the market on
levels of wages, conservatives have not been shy about using the power of
government to affect the distribution of the fruits of the US economy. They
have slashed taxes for the rich and for corporations, and increased the
relative tax burden on working people. And by cutting taxes for the rich, they
have transferred wealth to the most affluent people in America from all of
our children by increasing the federal debt.
2. Increased income inequality is completely unrelated to the relative
contribution of various groups in the population to the nation’s economic
prosperity.
Who could argue that the executives and traders of the Wall Street
financial firms, whose reckless speculating ultimately sent our economy into a
tailspin, made any meaningful contribution to our economic welfare? Yet they
often made hundreds of millions of dollars.
Remember, much of the financial sector does not produce anything. The
principal missions of the financial sector are to take on risk and allocate
capital effectively. Some in the industry – especially many community and
regional banks – do just that. But in the last year, the financial sector as
a whole didn’t “take on risk,” it shifted risk to ordinary Americans
through gigantic taxpayer bailouts. Many Wall Streeters themselves escaped the
recent economic debacle, having salted away hundreds of billions of dollars.
Fundamentally the financial sector is made up of middlemen, who spend
their time creating schemes that allow them to funnel society’s money through
their bank accounts so they can take a sliver of every dollar off of the top.
Right now, the private health insurance industry is busy trying to defend
its turf against a public health insurance option. It wants to maintain its
“right” to take that tribute off the top of as many health care dollars
as possible. Remember, the private health insurance industry doesn’t
deliver any actual health care.
Does the CEO of CIGNA who is going to retire this year with a $73 million
golden parachute contribute more to our well-being than a nurse who actually
delivers health care?
The same is true of most of the financial sector, many of whom are
essentially professional gamblers. It is the farmers, manufacturing firms, the
health care providers, the transportation companies, the guys who sweep up
buildings, the cops and firefighters, the people who teach our kids – those
are the people who produce the goods and services that we consume in our
economy. The real incomes of these Americans have dropped by $2,197 per year
since 2000, while the “bonus party” on Wall Street continues even though
these Americas were asked to reach into their jeans and pony up hundreds of
billions to bail out Wall Street’s catastrophic mistakes.
3). As political scientists Nolan McCarty, Kevin T. Poole and Howard
Rosenthal show in their book Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and
Unequal Riches, inequality in income distribution causes political polarization.
It divides our society. Their study found that there is a direct
relationship between economic inequality and polarization in American politics. _[i]_
(aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn1)
McCarty, Poole and Rosenthal measured political polarization in
congressional votes over the last century, and found a direct correlation with the
percentage of income received by the top 1% of the electorate.
They also compared the Gini Index of Income Inequality with congressional
vote polarization of the last half-century and found a comparable
relationship.
Want less political polarization? What a more bi-partisan spirit? Want
America to be unified? Want less hatred and violence in our society?
History shows that you start by once again compressing the difference in
incomes between the very richest and the rest of America.
4). Finally, increased income inequality is completely undemocratic. It
is a betrayal of our most fundamental democratic values. And it is dangerous
to our prospects for long-term survival.
The increasing inequality of income leads inexorably to increasing
inequality in the distribution of wealth. Power in the society is more and more
concentrated in the hands of a few. It becomes more and more likely that
some of our most powerful citizens came to that station not because of their
merit, but because they got it the “old fashion way” – they inherited it.
That is directly contrary to our shared belief in a more democratic
society – where power and opportunity are broadly shared – where no one’s power
or station in life are determined by accident of birth.
The earliest Americans came to this continent to escape tyranny,
aristocracy and plutocracy.
Progressives who stand up against the increasing concentration of economic
power in the hands of a few are standing for one of the proudest
traditions of our democracy. And our commitment to the democratic distribution of
power is not simply an expression of utopian idealism.
In his brilliant study of why societies in the past have failed, called
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed_[ii]_
(aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_edn2) , Pulitzer Prize-winning physiologist and
ethno-geographer Jared Diamond concluded that one of the most common factors was “rational
behavior” by actors – and decision-making elites – that benefited some
individual or private self-interest but was harmful to the prospects of the
entire society.
He found that this was often complicated because the benefits to a small
group that profited from the action was great in the short run, and the
resulting damage to everyone else was not very palpable or immediate, except
over time.
This problem became especially acute when elites thought they could
insulate themselves from the consequences of communal disaster. Then, they were
even less prone to make decisions in the public interest.
The increased inequality in the distribution of wealth and income makes
this kind of decision-making more and more likely. We see it when the
interests of the wealthy stand in the way of solutions to the problems of climate
change and environmental destruction -- or when we fail to raise enough
money for the public education that benefits all children because the few
who can afford private schools refuse to pay “higher taxes.”
The creation of a democratic society, built on egalitarian principles, is
the only real systematic means of assuring that the interests of the entire
society are not sacrificed to those of powerful elites. Most stories of
decisions leading to catastrophic collapse involve decision-making elites
whose interests diverge from the society at large. Democracy is the only real
antidote.
The undemocratic increase in the distribution of wealth and income is not
only wrong. It is also dangerous to our future survival.
____________________________________
_[i]_ (aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref1) Nolan McCarty, Kevin T.
Poole and Howard Rosenthal, Polarized America: The Dance of Ideology and
Unequal Riches (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2006)
_[ii]_ (aoldb://mail/write/template.htm#_ednref2) Jared Diamond, Collapse
(New York: Viking Penguin, 2005)
Robert Creamer is a long time political organizer and strategist, and
author of the recent book: “Stand Up Straight: How Progressives Can Win,”
available on _Amazon.com._
(http://www.amazon.com/Listen-Your-Mother-Straight-Progressives/dp/0979585295/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1213241439&sr=8
-1)
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