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Subject: Greg Brown's Weekend Reading and Other Things.. 08/09/2015
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DEAR FRIEND
Much Ado About Nothing
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If you are a conservative Republic you probably enjoyed the first Republican debate but if you are not,
although you may have felt entertained, you most likely didn't see a statesman on the stage and this
includes the earlier "Kids Table" debate of the seven Republicans who didn't make the Top Ten cut.
With this I would like to start with a Facebook posting by a Conservative friend Jimmy Bruch before I
make my own comments on the obvious set-up by Fox News to bring down Donald Trump and the lack
of substance in both the questions and answers given by both the moderators and participants.
My take on the debate if I were a Republican: it was a very civil debate even for Trump although I think
Trump sunk from the get go about if he will run as a third party and i can't stand him but it was
obvious this was a set up to take him down and he crashed and burned. Ben Carson needs to stay a
brilliant surgeon...terrible politician. Most were just empty statements... not a harsh criticism but still
no substance except Bush and Kasich. Many think Kasich is boring but he is the only one that could
narrow the gap across the aisle. Scott Walker not worth mentioning. Ted Cruz way too extreme
biblical right and full of doom. Paul too libertarian for the country, his radical changes would be
impossible when the house and senate can't work as is. Christie the angriest man on earth...enough
said about him. Rubio only on the attack of Obama and Hilary...tired message with no substance. I say
Kasich the most level headed and honest. I personally detest the name Bush because of History but Jeb
is for sure not his brother or Father and closer to a Reagan than we have seen in years! As a
Republican, Kasich would get my vote. Oh I didn't mention that Huck guy! Oh well, he's just plum
crazy! Biggest mistake in my opinion was the obvious ambush on Trump. If you feared him going
independent before...now you just made him mad. I think it might backfire, he has nothing to lose!
Jimmy Bruch — August 6.2015
Although I am a liberal Democrat I watched the first Republican debate last night and agreed with
much of Jimmy's assessment. Starting with the first question which was designed to ambush Donald
Trump.... to call it a debate is a farce. But the real problem is that no one in the debate was held
accountable for what they said, however ridiculous or irrational. Case in point Jeb Bush pointed out
that during the eight years he was Governor, there were 1.5 new jobs created in Florida but no one
explained that it was due to the housing bubble and that both those job and economic gains were
eviscerated by the 2009 recession.
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But let's go to Fact Checker:
Summary
• The first prime-time Republican presidential debate featured the top ro candidates, according to
polling, and they twisted some facts.
• Florida Sen. Marco Rubio said that "over 4o percent of small and mid-size banks ... have been
wiped out" since the Dodd-Frank law was passed. Actually, the total number of commercial
banks has gone down only 16 percent, continuing a longtime trend.
• Businessman Donald Trump said his net worth is $10 billion, but outside estimates put the figure
much lower.
• Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush twice claimed that he cut taxes in the state by $19 billion. But that
includes cuts in Florida estate taxes mandated by federal law that Bush had nothing to do with.
• Ohio Gov. John Kasich claimed his state's Medicaid program "is growing at one of the lowest
rates in the country." Ohio ranks 16th in terms of enrollment growth post-Affordable Care Act
among the 3o expansion states and Washington,
• Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker claimed his state "more than made up" for the job losses from the
recession. That's a stretch. The state has gained 4,000 jobs since the start of the recession.
• Rubio said he had never advocated exceptions for rape or incest to abortion bans, but he
cosponsored a bill in 2013 that contained just such exceptions.
• Boasting about his education initiatives while governor, Bush claimed that the graduation rate
"improved by 5o percent." But most of the increase happened after Bush left office; the rate
increased about 13 percent when he was governor.
• Bush claimed that the U.S. spends more per student than any other country, but Luxembourg,
Switzerland and Norway all spend more for primary and secondary education.
• Former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee repeated the old claim that Obamacare "robbed"
Medicare of $700 billion. That's a reduction in the future growth of spending over ro years.
For more information/analysis, please find the full Fact Checker summary attached.
Marketing the debate as The Donald Thump Show, Fox News enjoyed a rating bonanza, but for me
Megyn Kelly, Brett Baier and Chris Wallace as debate moderators were not ready for Prime Time. It
was obvious that Fox News had their knives out for Trump and because he didn't wilt, one could say
that not only did he survive he may have won. As for Rand Paul an earlier leader in the Republican
polls, I think that his days are over. And although Jeb Bush looks more Presidential than most of his
rivals his performance was definitely "Bush Lite" especially claiming that if elected the country would
have 4% economic growth. Promises, promises... I was definitely entertained by Ben Carson's closing
who started by saying that he was the only person on the stage that had separated Siamese twins. But
this has little to do as evidence of experience to be President of the United States. As for Ted Cruz,
Marco Rubio and Scott Walker, yes they were there but other than going through their talking points
they showed little more than they could bluster and promise as well as the next guy. For me the big
losers were Mike Huckabee and of course Rand Paul. For me the only candidates who articulated what
they might offer as well as held their ground, were John Kasich and surprisingly Chris Christie.
But one of the real eye-openers came from Donald Trump who unabashedly explained that yes he gave
money to the Clinton and to politicians in both major political parties, so that he could later get favors
from them. He even said that he used donations to get Hillary Clinton to go to his wedding — that his
giving left her with "no choice." As Andrew Prokop pointed out writing in VOX, It was a bizarre, but
effective, diagnosis of the deep corruption in American politics. Reformers tend to present themselves
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as blameless. Trump is presenting himself as someone who has so mastered the corruption of
American politics that he can be trusted to resist it. Here's the exchange:
Q: You've also supported a host of other liberal policies, you've also donated to several
Democratic candidates, Hilary Clinton included, Nancy Pelosi. You explained away those
donations saying you did that to get business related favors. And you said recently, quote, when
you give, they do whatever the hell you want them to do.
TRUMP: You better believe it... I will tell you that our system is broken. I gave to many people.
Before this, before two months ago, I was a businessman. I give to everybody. When they call, I
give. And you know what? When I need something from them, two years later, three years later,
I call them. They are there for me. And that's a broken system.
Q: So what did you get from Hillary Clinton and Nancy Pelosi?
TRUMP: I'll tell you what. With Hillary Clinton, I said, be at my wedding and she came to my
wedding. You know why? She had no choice! Because I gave.
And indeed, both Clintons went to Trump's 2005 wedding.
The GOP Debates Showed How Fox News Enforces Republican Orthodoxy
Fox News is the enforcer of Republican orthodoxy.
At Thursday night's GOP debates in Cleveland, moderators Bret Baier, Bill Hemmer, Megyn Kelly,
Martha MacCallum and Chris Wallace peppered the party's 17 presidential candidates with tough
questions. But several of those questions had one key thing in common: They hit candidates for
deviating from Republican orthodoxy.
As senior enterprise editor Nick Baumann wrote in The Huffington Post — These are fair questions.
But they show the role journalists play in highlighting when one or two candidates profess views that
are different from the majority of the field -- and the pressure those candidates face to bring their
positions in line with other Republicans.
Here are a few examples:
Climate Change (Hemmer to Sen. Lindsey Graham) "You worked with Democrats and
President Obama when it came to climate change, something you know is extremely unpopular with
conservative Republicans. How can they trust you based on that record?'
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Medicaid Expansion (Hemmer to Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal and former New York
Gov. George Patald): "You know the saying, right? No Republican wins the White House unless
you win here in the Buckeye State. Well, here in the Buckeye State, the governor, John Kasich, took the
federal money for Medicaid expansion under Obamacare. And Gov. Jindal of Louisiana, you passed on
those tax dollars. Why do you think Gov. Kasich got it wrong here?"
Abortion (MacCallum to Pataki): "Gov. Pataki, you're the only pro-choice candidate running. A
Republican holding that position has not won a single primary in 35 years. With the recent Planned
Parenthood videos that we have all seen shedding new light on abortion practices, I know that you
have said that you would defund Planned Parenthood. But has this story changed your heart when it
comes to abortion?"
Foreign Policy (Baier to Sen. Rand Paul): "Sen. Paul, you recently blamed the rise of ISIS on
Republican hawks. You later said that that statement, you could have said it better. But the statement
went on, and you said, quote, 'Everything they've talked about in foreign policy, they've been wrong for
the last 20 years.' Why are you so quick to blame your own party?"
Medicaid Expansion, again (Kelly to Ohio Gov. John Kasich): "Gov. Kasich, you chose to
expand Medicaid in your state, unlike several other governors on this stage tonight, and it is already
over budget, by some estimates costing taxpayers an additional $1.4 billion in just the first i8 months.
You defended your Medicaid expansion by invoking God, saying to skeptics that when they arrive in
heaven, Saint Peter isn't going to ask them how small they've kept government, but what they have
done for the poor. Why should Republican voters, who generally want to shrink government, believe
that you won't use your Saint Peter rationale to expand every government program?'
Immigration (Wallace to former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush): "Gov. Bush, you released a new
plan this week on illegal immigration focusing on enforcement, which some suggest is your effort to
show that you're not soft on that issue. I want to ask you about a statement that you made last year
about illegal immigrants. And here's what you said: 'They broke the law, but it's not a felony, it's an act
of love. It's an act of commitment to your family.' Do you stand by that statement and do you stand by
your support for earned legal status?'
The National Security Agency (Kelly to New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie): "Gov. Christie,
you've said that Sen. Paul's opposition to the NSA's collection of phone records has made the United
States weaker and more vulnerable, even going so far as to say that he should be called before Congress
to answer for it if we should be hit by another terrorist attack. Do you really believe you can assign
blame to Sen. Paul just for opposing the bulk collection of people's phone records in the event of a
terrorist attack?"
Universal Health Care (Baier to GOP frontrunner Donald Trump): "Fifteen years ago, you
called yourself a liberal on health care. You were for a single-payer system, a Canadian-style system.
Why were you for that then and why aren't you for it now?"
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Common Core Education Standards (Baier to Bush): "Gov. Bush, you are one of the few
people on the stage who advocates for Common Core education standards, reading and math. A lot of
people on this stage vigorously oppose federal involvement in education. They say it should all be
handled locally. President Obama's secretary of education, Arne Duncan, has said that most of the
criticism of Common Core is due to a, quote, 'fringe group of critics.' Do you think that's accurate?
As Andrew Breiner wrote in Think Progress: The candidates got away with talking about Iran and
ans substance. All agreed the Iran deal was bad, because Obama wasn't tough enough, and that
M be tougher, turn down the bad deal, and get a better deal. Former Florida governor Jeb Bush's
only proposals for dealing with ISIS in Iraq were to stop the Iran nuclear deal and to "take out ISIS
with every tool at our disposal." One of the most common responses to a question about how a
candidate would fix a specific problem was to spend the allotted time restating the problem and how
serious it is, then state their firm resolve to fix the problem in the vaguest terms possible.
Ohio Gov. John Kasich responded to a question about "police and the difficulty in communities,"
saying "we've got to listen to other people's voices, respect them," with no mention of race, which is the
heart of the issue, or any specifics at all. Wisconsin governor Scott Walker also managed to answer a
question about the Black Lives Matter movement without making a single mention of the existence of
race in America.
Kasich laid out a very clear vision for how to combat poverty, and it made no sense. "Economic growth
is key," he said (it isn't). He said that balancing budgets and cutting taxes (two objectives that are
opposed to each other) would achieve economic growth (nope). Only after all that's accomplished,
Kasich said, we can start thinking about people "who don't seem to ever think they get a fair deal," like
minorities. He offered no solutions for them besides lip service.
Bush was asked what specific policies would bring about four percent growth if he was president,
something that he has promised despite the fact that it's considered virtually impossible by
economists. His proposal: "Fix a convoluted tax code, you get in and change every aspect of regulations
that are job-killers, you get rid of Obamacare and replace it with something that doesn't suppress
wages and kill jobs," plus embracing fossil fuels and "fixing" the immigration system. No one who is
being honest would say that this plan has any hope of achieving four percent growth. That doesn't
seem to affect his argument.
As Paddy Chayefsky prognosticated in his brilliant 1976 sartorial movie NETWORK, the debate was
more about entertainment and ratings than discovering substance and truth -- news as entertainment
is what the debate really was about. And like the recent Mayweather/Pacquiao "Fight of the Century"
-- as a real debate, it was a bust. Thank God that it was not on Pay For View because viewers would
have felt seriously cheated as well. As for as the earlier debate "The Kids Table" it was obvious why
they didn't make the top ten. And although Carly Fiorina (the declared winner) biggest sound bites
came for bashing Hillary Clinton and President Obama (neither who were in the room) -- the
assertion that she could have done a better job negotiating a deal with Iran, is not only naive it is not
rooted in any reality, because the United States was one of six countries (UK, France,
Germany, Russia and China) negotiating with Iran and all of the other countries have endorsed this
deal.
But Democratic National Committee Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz, speaking Friday on "New
Day," responded to Fiorina's attacks on Hillary Clinton in the debate by slamming her record while at
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the helm of HP. "Fiorina's comments are rich comingfrom someone who almost drove a Fortune
500 company into the ground, who wasfired as a result, whose stock dropped by 5096 when she was
CEO," she said. "This is a woman who doesn't have the track record of managing a large
organization and now she's runningfor President of the United States?" The cure-
all prescription/consensus by all of the contestants in both debates was to immediately kill
Obamacare, Plan Parenthood, Common Core, cut taxes, get rid of regulations, spend more on the
military (even though we already spend more on our military than the combined budgets of the next
twelve countries) and that they would be tougher with Iran, China and Russia.
Again FOX News, the idea that you are a news organization is a mockery. You act like and are the
media arm of the Conservative Wing of the Republican Party. And one of the reasons why you went
after Donald Trump in the debate is because he doesn't kowtow to you like most of the other
Republican candidates. I totally disagree with Chris Matthews on MSNBC that the moderators did a
great job and to my chagrin and for the first time I find myself agreeing with Rush Limbaugh who
accused Fox News of going after Donald Trump. But what wasn't discussed at either debates was
Climate Change, lack of Social Mobility, the growing Income Inequality, Food Security, the trillion
dollar plus mounting Student Debt, Race and the fact that a majority of the Baby Boomers may live in
poverty after retiring. If these were real debates why weren't any of these issues mentioned. After
looking at both debates on Thursday, I don't think that Hillary and the Democrats have anything to
worry about and I look forward to voting for her in November 2016 — because it is extremely easy to
claim that you would do a better job than President Obama until you have to face the realities of the
real world especially when you refuse to acknowledge that the country is much better off today than it
was on January 19, 2009.
Gregory Brown
The real truth about race and policing from a Black ex-cop
Redditt Hudson is a black ex-cop who recently wrote an op-ed in VOX about what he views as the real
truth about race and policing. Hudson's friend K.L. Williams, who has trained thousands of officers
around the country in use of force says "On any given day, in any police department in the nation, 15
percent of officers will do the right thing no matter what is happening. Fifteen percent of officers will
abuse their authority at every opportunity. The remaining 70 percent could go either way depending
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on whom they are working with." Hudson who served as an officer in the St. Louis Police Department
whose president of his police academy class sent out an email after President Obama won the 2008
election that included the statement, "I can't believe I live in a countryfull of ni**er lovers/1111m"
This is a man who patrolled the streets in black communities in St. Louis in a number of black
communities and I am sure that he doesn't see himself as a racist.
Subconscious Bias Helps Contribute To The Many Racial Disparities In Law
Enforcement
As Hudson points out — It is not only white officers who abuse their authority. The effect of
institutional racism is such that no matter what color the officer abusing the citizen is, in the vast
majority of those cases of abuse that citizen will be black or brown. That is what is allowed. And no
matter what an officer has done to a black person, that officer can always cover himself in the running
narrative of heroism, risk, and sacrifice that is available to a uniformed police officer by virtue of
simply reporting for duty. Cleveland police officer Michael Brelo was recently acquitted of all charges
against him in the shooting deaths of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams, both black and unarmed.
Thirteen Cleveland police officers fired 137 shots at them. Brelo, having reloaded at some point during
the shooting, fi red 49 of the 137 shots. He took his final 15 shots at them after all the other officers
stopped firing (122 shots at that point) and, 'fearingfor his life," he jumped onto the hood of the car
and shot 15 times through the windshield.
About that 15 percent of officers who regularly abuse their power: they exert an outsize
influence
Not only was this excessive, it was tactically asinine if Brelo believed they were armed and firing. But
they weren't armed, and they weren't firing. Judge John O'Donnell acquitted Brelo under the rationale
that because he couldn't determine which shots actually killed Russell and Williams, no one is guilty.
Let's be clear: this is part of what the Department of Justice means when it describes a "pattern of
unconstitutional policing and excessiveforce."
Nevertheless, many Americans believe that police officers are generally good, noble heroes. A Gallup
poll from last year asked Americans to rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in various
fields: police officers ranked in the top five, just above members of the clergy. The profession — the
endeavor — is noble. But this myth about the general goodness of cops obscures the truth of what
needs to be done to fix the system. It makes it look like all we need to do is hire good people, rather
than fix the entire system. Institutional racism runs throughout our criminal justice system. Its
presence in police culture, though often flatly denied by the many police apologists that appear in the
media now, has been central to the breakdown in police-community relationships for decades in spite
of good people doing police work.
Here's what Hudson wishes Americans understood about the men and women who serve in their
police departments — and what needs to be done to make the system better for everyone.
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1) There are officers who willfully violate the human rights of the people in the communities
they serve
2) The bad officers corrupt the departments they work for
3) The mainstream media helps sustain the narrative of heroism that even corrupt officers take
refuge in
4) Cameras provide the most objective record of police-citizen encounters available
5) There are officers around the country who want to address institutional racism
Why Recording The Police Is So Important
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To help erase police abuse as well as protect the integrity of officers Hudson suggest ath every officer in
the country should be wearing a body camera that remains activated throughout any interaction they
have with the public while on duty. Police officers should not resent this first of all as almost all of the
time the video record absolves the officer in question of any wrong doing and secondly there is no
reasonable expectation of privacy for officers when they are on duty and in service to the public.
Finally citizens should also have the right to record police officers as they carry out their public service,
provided that they are at a safe distance, based on the circumstances, and not interfering. Witnessing
an interaction does not by itself constitute interference.
Police abuse in black and brown communities is generations old. It is nothing new.
Racism is woven into the fabric of our nation. At no time in our history has there been a national
consensus that everyone should be equally valued in all areas of life. We are rooted in racism in spite of
the better efforts of Americans of all races to change that.
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The Racism of the US Justice System in 10 Charts
■
Percent that feel police in their community
treat blacks less fairly than whites
BLACKS
WHITES
PA ellUAIKII CtITO
Web Link: littps://youtu.be/InOsF5xliZw
Most of the racial prejudice Americans harbor today is subtle and manifests itself in stealthier ways
than it did in the past. It shows up in how employers view potential hires, how salespeople choose to
assist people at high-end stores, or how teachers dole out punishments to misbehaving students.
Often subconscious, these race-based evaluations of character or intelligence have wide-ranging
effects.
Extensive research on the subject shows that everyone carries this subconscious prejudice, known as
implicit bias, no matter how well-meaning they might be. In the criminal justice system, this implicit
bias may contribute to the many racial disparities in law enforcement. When it comes to police
officers, implicit bias is a widespread concern, precisely because of how devastating its effects can be,
with trade publications and federal programs taking steps to address it through training and
awareness.
Because of this legacy of racism, police abuse in black and brown communities is generations old. It is
nothing new. It has become more visible to mainstream America largely because of the proliferation of
personal recording devices, cellphone cameras, video recorders — they're everywhere. We need police
officers. We also need them to be held accountable to the communities they serve.
For more information please feel free to download the attached VOX articles — I'm a black ex-cop, and this is the
real truth about race and policing — by Redditt Hudson and — Why do police so often see unarmed black
men as threats? — by German Lopez.
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No One Wants The Iraq Sequel
So why are Republicans so desperate to double-down?
CHRIS MATTHEWS, HOST: You broke it, you bought it.
Let's play HARDBALL.
Good evening. I'm Chris Matthews out in San Francisco, to give this weekend's commencement at St.
Mary's College.
Well, even from this beautiful city, it's hard not to see the ugliness in the partisan effort to put the hell
of ISIS entirely on the shoulders of President Obama. It's as if the U.S. invasion of Iraq, which broke
that country apart, had nothing to do with today's Iraqi turmoil, an invasion Bush and Cheney sold
with the now provenly bogus claim that Saddam Hussein had nuclear weapons and a connection to
9/11.
Watching the Republicans contort themselves in this effort is to watch them prance in front of
funhouse mirrors. One group says that reality doesn't matter. It doesn't matter that the claims of a
nuclear Iraq or an al Qaeda-connected Iraq were bogus. The U.S. invasion was a dandy idea, they say,
even if it's left over 4,000 Americans and over 100,000 Iraqis dead.
Another group says now that because the case made for the U.S. invasion was bogus, you can't blame
the people who came up with those bogus claims. I know. This is hard to follow.
A third group is similar to the first. It says that, OK, we should have never invaded Iraq, but it's still
cool because we got rid of Saddam Hussein.
Well, the fourth argument -- catch this -- sort of covers all the bases. It doesn't think through the
horror of the war or the dishonesty that led to it, it simply lumps it all together and blames it all on,
guess who, President Obama?
So let's start with those who say we should have gone in, no matter what. Bill Kristol writes in "USA
Today" that, quote, "We were right to invade Iraq in 2003 and to remove Saddam Hussein and to
complete the job we should havefinished in1991. The Obama administration threw it all away."
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Was the Iraq war a mistake?
SEN. LINDSEY GRAHAM (R), SOUTH CAROLINA: No, I don't think so. The biggest mistake we
made was leaving Iraq without a follow-on force against sound military advice.
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MICHAEL TOMASICY, DAILY BEAST: Yes, well, look, Saddam Hussein was a really bad guy, Chris.
Nobody argues with that. But is the world better off now? No. The world is not better off now.
You know, some portions of the Iraqi population are probably better off. The Kurds are probably
better off. You know, there's no complete black and complete white here. It's a very complicated
picture. So you know, some people are better off because Saddam Hussein is gone. And Saddam
Hussein was a total monster, and none of us are going to sit here and defend him.
But is the world overall better off because Iraq exploded like this and because they went in there and
thought that Iraqis were going to throw rose petals at our feet and they didn't plan for what kind of
regime they were going to build, they didn't plan on replacing or maintaining the security constitutions
of that country when they tore that country apart?
No, the world's not better off. We've got ISIS. We've got all these problems. We've got a much-
strengthened Iran because of this invasion. Not better off.
******
MATTHEWS: Let me finish tonight with this: the best thing Hillary Clinton will have going for her next
year is common sense. She was smart to condemn the U.S. invasion of Iraq, smart to cut her losses by
saying she'd been wrong, pure and simple, in voting to authorize it.
Why? Simple. Did you ever see a lousy movie and then hear that they're making a sequel? Would anyone
in their right mind pay money to see the sequel if they'd been suckered into seeing the first movie and
found it both stupid and dreadful.
Nobody is going to buy the neocons in their power (ph) when they take us down another abbit hole. They
suckered a lot of Democrats and frankly all the Republicans in 2002 and 2003. Since then, the pols and the
smart columnists have been saying people got the message, don't trust this crowd.
So let the Bill Kristols and the John Boltons and the Lindsey Grahams blow their bugles and beat their
drums. The American people are having been burned once are not about to go touching that same stove
again. That's HARDBALL for now. Thanks for being with us.
Chris Matthews - HARDBALL - May 21, 2015
******
CENSUS: MORE MINORITY CHILDREN THAN WHITES, MORE
WHITES DYING THAN BEING BORN
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Web Link:
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Racial and ethnic minorities' children under the age of five are now the majority as non-Hispanic white
children make up an ever-smaller slice of the population, according to the Census Bureau. New
population estimates released on June 25, 2015 reveal a striking shift in the composition of America's
population as racial and ethnic minority births are also outpacing minority deaths. Meanwhile non-
Hispanic whites are experiencing negative population growth, seeing 61,841 more deaths than births
between 2013 and 2014.
The Census reports that in the past decade, the population has become more diverse, with the
percentage of ethnic and racial minorities growing from 32.9 percent to 37.9 percent over the last
decade. Indeed, the report notes that Millennia's — now representing more than a quarter of the
population, more than the 75.4 million Baby Boomers — are more diverse than earlier generations as
44.2 percent belong to a minority group. With the nation as a whole barreling toward a minority-
majority future, there are already states where racial and ethnic minorities actually make up the
majority. Specifically there are four states and the District of Columbia: Hawaii (T7.o percent), the
District of Columbia (64.2 percent), California (61.5 percent), New Mexico (61.1 percent) and Texas
(56.5 percent). There are other states on the precipice of a minority-majority population such as
Nevada where 48.9 percent is minority. According to the Census more than 11 percent of the nation's
3,142 counties, or 364, were already majority-minority. This year, the Census noted that five became
majority minority between 2013-2014, specifically: Russell, Alabama, Newton, Georgia, Eddy, New
Mexico, Brazoria, Texas, and Suffolk city, Virginia.
EFTA01191493
••
Projecting Majority-Minority
Non
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of the U.S. Population by 2044
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By 2020 - 50.2% of the children born in the United States will be non-white. In 2016 nearly 20% of
the population will be born to foreigners with the help of more than 64 million new immigrates coming
into the country. The Hispanic populations will rise by 14% from 55 million in 2014 to 63.6 million in
2060. While the Asian population will increase more than Hispanics to 22 million. And the number of
Baby Boomers will surpass the number of children by 2033. And the whole of the American
population will increase to 417 million by 2060, however it is set to decline as immigrants reach higher
incomes and fertility rates drop as well. The data comes as a Census report earlier this year projected
that by 2044 more than half of the population in the United States would be part of a minority group.
******
It Is About Time
EFTA01191494
This week former London City multimillionaire derivatives trader Tom Hayes with UBS and
Citigroup was given 14-year sentence for LIBOR rigging. A U.K jury in landmark case found the 35-
year-old LIBOR-rigging scandal's 'ringmaster' guilty of eight counts of conspiracy to fix the
international interbank lending rate. Hayes — who on Monday became the first person to be convicted
on charges of rigging the financial world's key interest rate benchmark, the London Interbank
Offered Rate, better known as LIBOR. Hayes, from Fleet, Hampshire, was accused of being the
ringleader in a vast conspiracy to fix the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR), a benchmark for
$45otn (£29otn) of financial contracts and loans worldwide, between 2006 and 2010. Those are
trillions of dollars and pound sterling.
Born in west London, Hayes suffered an early family breakup, although his mother remarried. The
enlarged family — in which Hayes now has one brother, plus two step and two half siblings — relocated
to Winchester in the mid-1990s. The family made an impression there, and a trip to the Hampshire
cathedral city would unearth glowing testimonies. "Thefamily is really, really nice," says one resident.
"They are hugely into their community and doing good for society. Early on Hayes was identified as a
bright student. After excelling at school and gaining a math degree from the University of Nottingham,
which also boasts convicted UBS rogue trader Kweku Adoboli among its graduates — he spent time as
an intern at UBS before embarking on his City career at the Royal Bank of Scotland and then Royal
Bank of Canada. Even then, Hayes admits to being teased for using the same superhero duvet cover he
had possessed since he was eight.
But the crucial professional move came when he joined UBS in 2006, where he generated $260m
(£17om) of profits for the bank in three years. A disgruntled Hayes, who says the bank reneged on a
promised $2.5m bonus, defected to Citigroup in 2010, but found cultures could differ between rival
investment banks. A colleague quickly alerted Citigroup management to Hayes' methods, and he was
sacked after just 10 months' service, albeit while being allowed to keep a £2.2m bonus. Then, on 11
December 2012, came the door knock by investigators from the Serious Fraud Office in the U.K.
Motivated by greed and a desire for higher pay, the court heard that Hayes set up a network of brokers
and traders that spanned 10 of the world's most powerful financial institutions, cajoling and at times
bribing them to help rig rates — designed to reflect the cost of interbank borrowing - for profit. Hayes
would then place large bets on financial markets that were sensitive to LIBOR moves. The former
trader, who was diagnosed with mild Asperger syndrome just before his trial began, said he was
transparent about trying to influence rates and his managers were aware. But a jury of seven men and
five women rejected his defense and found him guilty on all eight counts.
LIBOR first shot to prominence during the financial crisis when it emerged as a signal that banks
were panicking. This is because LIBOR — shorthand for the London interbank offered rate - is
the price at which banks estimate their rivals will want to lend to them. During the crisis, those banks
that admitted they expected to be charged the highest interest rates by their peers were perceived to be
the riskier ones.
The £290m fine for rigging the rate imposed on Barclays in 2012 showed LIBOR in an entirely
different light. The penalty and subsequent ones imposed on other banks and brokers showed that the
rates themselves were being manipulated. It also meant they may not have been a true reflection of
wider borrowing costs paid by companies and households worldwide. As well as being a vital measure
for banks, LIBOR was used as a benchmark to price a wide range of financial products. Again, we are
talking about an estimated $3ootn (£192tn) of contracts are based on LIBOR, setting borrowing rates
for businesses and consumers from Sydney to New York and London.
EFTA01191495
Following the rigging scandals, the process of calculating LIBOR was overhauled. During the period
when the rate was being manipulated, a panel of banks made submissions about the price that they
expected to be charged to borrow across 15 timescales — from overnight to one year — and in 10
currencies, including sterling, yen and US dollars. They were asked: "At what rate could you borrow
funds, were you to do so by asking for, and then accepting, interbank offers in a reasonable market
size just prior to clam?"
The British Bankers' Association had been associated with setting LIBOR since 1986 but is now no
longer involved in compiling the rates after relinquishing the role last year. In the wake of the rigging
scandals, LIBOR is now overseen by the body which runs the New York Stock Exchange. Other
changes have also been made. The number of included currencies has been cut to five and the rates
published over seven borrowing periods, and publication of the rate is delayed.
LIBOR-rigging fines: a timeline
• Deutsche Bank has been fined a record $2.5bn for rigging LIBOR - here's a list of other banks
fined for rigging LIBOR rates
• Barclays was the first bank to be fined in June 2012 when it received penalties of £290m -
including a record £59.5m by the UK regulators. Traders were offered bottles of Bollinger
champagne and quips of "always happy to help," or you, anything,"or "done ...for you big
boy".
• The record fine was quickly broken in December 2012 when Swiss bank UBS was fined £940m
by regulators in the UK and US and accused of collusion and corrupt brokerage payments. One
trader said: "I willfucking do one humongous deal with you ... whatever you want ...Ma man
of my word".
• In February 2013, the regulators found Royal Bank of Scotland had "abetted" Swiss bank UBS as
it levied fines of £390m on the bailed out bank. "MI like a whores' drawers" one trader quipped.
• Icap, the City dealer run by former Conservative party treasurer Michael Spencer, was fined
£55m in September 2013 and three of its former employees charged with criminal offences in the
United States.
• Dutch bank Rabobank was fined £660m in October 2013 and its chairman Piet Moerland
resigned earlier than planned. "Don't worry mate — there's bigger crooks in the market than us
guys!" one of its LIBOR submitters said.
• In May 2014 the broker RP Martin had its fine of £3.6m reduced to £630,000 to stop it
collapsing.
• Lloyds Banking Group was fined £226m in July 2014 when it became the first bank to be
censured for deliberately reducing the fees it paid to the Bank of England for emergency funding
during the 2008 banking crisis.
• In April 2015, Germany's Deutsche Bank was fined a record $2.5bn for rigging LIBOR, ordered
to fire seven employees and accused of being obstructive towards regulators in their
investigations.
The Hayes case is seen as a big test for the Serious Fraud Office and its effectiveness in policing
banking fraud. Hayes claimed he was taking part in an "industry-wide" practice. He described the
broking market he worked in as the Wild West, a place with no rules and where relationships relied on
lavish entertainment. He said it was this high-pressure environment which took its toll on him,
prompting him to threaten brokers and pick fights with colleagues to move interest rates to aid his
trading.
EFTA01191496
Hayes is the first person to stand trial for alleged manipulation of LIBOR. He was arrested in
December 2012 and questioned by the Serious Fraud Office. He told SFO investigators that his trades
had earned £t5om for UBS in a three year period. He said he originally confessed to misconduct in
2013 after being "frozen withfear" that he would be extradited to America. He said he did not believe
he had acted dishonestly with regard to LIBOR and that he wanted to do his job "as perfectly"as he
could. US prosecutors wanted to charge Hayes on three counts of conspiracy to fraud, with each one
carrying a 20 to 30-year sentence. He subsequently withdrew from a co-operation agreement with the
SFO and in December 2013 pleaded not guilty.
Undoubtedly many major banks may have been involved, with about a dozen of the biggest names in
the world under investigation for rate fixing intended either to pad profits or to make themselves look
financially healthier than they were. And although regulators may have glanced the other way.
Hopefully civil suits from investors, pension funds government entities and others dependent on
LIBOR will eventually cost big banks billions in damages — As this is the only way to change this type
of deviant behavior.
The fundamental problem, and the weakness is that LIBOR is a hypothetical rate — the rate at which
each of the 20 banks on the panel believe they could borrow funds at 11:00 •. It is not a transaction
rate, and although it is possible to see what each of the banks has quoted, it is not possible to verify the
quoted LIBOR rate contributed by each bank against an actual transaction. It was an honor system
and everyone knows that greed will overwhelm honesty when there is little oversight and no real
criminal consequences.
Going forward, a key question is whether LIBOR should be replaced with another benchmark less
susceptible to manipulation. But experts say that LIBOR is so embedded in the world's financial
system it would be impossible to eliminate its use overnight. In addition, LIBOR is unique in providing
a very wide variety of terms, from overnight to one year.
Herring notes that rate setters could ask banks what rates they would be willing to lend at, rather than
what they think they could borrow at. "This may reduce the incentivesfor understating rates."
Another alternative, he adds, would be to use actual transaction rates, such as those on the Overnight
Index Swap Rate, the US Treasury bill rate, or something else. These would be harder to manipulate,
but currently do not come in as wide a variety as do LIBOR rates.
"Given this [scandal], I think we should be rethinking how all these debt instruments are priced,"says
one expert. "Why not price offsomething like the Federal Funds rate, or the interest rate on reserves,
or something we knowfor sure is accurate?" Again, if regulators are serious about stopping these
types of illegal practices and although over one hundred traders or brokers have been fired or
suspended, twenty-one have been charged, and several executives, including former Barclay's CEO
Bob Diamond and Rabobank CEO Piet Moerland, have been forced out a
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