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*Podcast: *Podcast she did for Platts on the week and year that was energy
and climate, including some tough Qs on Obama and fossil fuels.
http://www.platts.com/podcasts-detail/crude/2015/december/capitol-crude-122115
*Column: *
http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/12/01/patron-oil-idUSL1N13Q2ER20151201#7ztSe7GYWMfRbBz7.97
*COLUMN-Michelle Patron: What a climate deal means for oil markets*
Tue Dec 1, 2015 8:15pm GMT Print | Single Page[-] Text [+]
(Michelle Patron writer is a former energy and climate advisor to President
Barack Obama. The opinions expressed here are those of the author.)
By Michelle Patron
Dec 1 (Reuters) - Over the next two weeks countries from around the world
are convening in Paris to develop a global plan to address climate change.
A successful deal in Paris could have significant impacts for energy and
equity markets.
In many ways, the heavy lifting for Paris has already occurred. Learning
from failed past attempts to impose global rules, governments have
developed a more flexible bottom up approach. Under the new system, each
country puts forward its own nationally determined plan based on what it
believes it can achieve over the next 10-15 years. More than 150 countries
-- developed and developing, energy exporters and importers -- have already
submitted these plans, covering over 90 percent of global emissions.
Plans include policy proposals in the electricity, transportation,
industrial and forestry sectors. Some of these plans are quite ambitious.
China and Mexico have set timelines to permanently halt the growth of their
emissions. India and Brazil have plans to drastically expand the use of
non-fossil fuels. While the first round of plans may not deliver enough
action to limit global warming to two degrees centigrade, it signals a
fundamental shift in how countries produce and consume energy. Scientists
have set two degrees as a benchmark for "safe" levels of warming.
A successful deal in Paris would tie these plans together and create a
process for countries to report and update their targets at regular
intervals. This would enable the public to track the status of each
country's progress and prompt governments to tighten existing and future
targets. This process would boost confidence in implementation despite the
absence of penalties for underperformance. Of course, the risk remains that
domestic politics in the United States or other key emitters can impede
progress down the road.
Agreement is by no means assured and could be derailed by disagreements
over financing, namely demands by some developing countries for richer
countries to underwrite climate mitigation and adaptation efforts. Progress
has already been made with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development calculating current climate capital flows from rich to poor
countries at $62 billion per year, almost two-thirds of the $100 billion
goal by 2020 set in Copenhagen.
The most immediate market impact is in the power sector where a strong
agreement will extend and accelerate the shift from coal to alternative
power sources including renewables, nuclear and in some cases natural gas.
The International Energy Agency estimates that renewable energy will become
the largest single power source by 2040 and the share of coal will decline
from 41 to 31 percent. This trend is already underway. Last year, more new
power plants were built that produce electricity from renewable sources
than from all fossil fuel sources combined. As a result, green technology
stocks will likely get a boost from Paris.
The impact on oil markets is more nuanced and depends on the pace at which
governments ratchet up policies to constrain oil demand and limit the
environmental impacts of production Oil prices are unlikely to move
significantly on news from Paris since there is no instantaneous lever to
reduce demand and current oversupply is drowning out other market signals.
Nevertheless, there are long-term effects with policies in place and more
on the way that directly target the transportation sector, which consumes
half the world's oil. Continued improvements in vehicle efficiency and
removal of fossil fuel subsidies can moderately reduce demand with the
impact growing over time as the vehicle fleet changes. Success in Paris can
also inject momentum into global negotiations underway on aviation and
marine fuel controls.
Perhaps the most critical variable for oil is how a deal impacts
alternative fuels in road transportation. A strong political signal from
Paris can boost public and private investment in transportation. A
breakthrough on electric vehicle batteries or hydrogen can dramatically
disrupt future demand. Consensus forecasts calling for $100 oil after 2020
do not factor in such a breakthrough. That may prove shortsighted. Weaker
oil demand as a result of vehicle innovation has the potential to cap
long-term oil prices well below these forecasts.
There are also supply side impacts. Regulations that tighten controls on
methane, a gas produced alongside oil and flared into the environment, may
increase production costs. Meanwhile, growing pressure by environmentalists
for companies to strand or abandon risky environmental investments, such as
oil sands, deep water and Arctic drilling, can limit supply options and
force companies back to onshore assets in politically unstable countries.
The recent success of these "stranded asset" campaigns in blocking the
Keystone pipeline and contributing to the withdrawal of Shell and Statoil
from the Alaskan Arctic has emboldened environmental groups. The portfolios
of major international oil companies are the most exposed to stranded asset
risk whereby public and legal pressure prevents completion of these
projects after significant capital investment has been sunk. Meanwhile,
smaller independent companies with tighter budgets are more vulnerable to
methane regulations. Both segments would be hurt by lower oil prices.
The bottom line is that global climate action widens the range of risks in
the energy sector. Ten years ago, German utilities were seen as stable
investments, now they are struggling under the weight of policies pushing
renewables and reductions in technology costs. Prudent companies and
investors should begin factoring these risks into their oil portfolios now.
(Michelle Patron)
--
Milia Fisher
Special Assistant to the Chair
Hillary for America
[email protected]
c: 858.395.1741
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