podesta-emails
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Cool.
On Jun 9, 2014 9:35 PM, "Sandler, Herbert" <[email protected]>
wrote:
> Our funding was key to Burchard's career and work. We've been on a roll.
>
> Sent from my iPad
>
> Begin forwarded message:
>
> *From:* "Burchard, Esteban" <[email protected]>
> *Date:* June 9, 2014 at 5:52:51 PM PDT
> *To:* Herbert Sandler <[email protected]>, Jim 03Sandler <
> [email protected]>, Steve Daetz <[email protected]>,
> Susan 02Sandler <[email protected]>
> *Cc:* "Burchard, Esteban" <[email protected]>
> *Subject:* *FW: Mexican Genetics Study Reveals Huge Variation in Ancestry*
>
> Susan, Herb, Jim and Steve
>
> We just got a major publication in the journal Science. It will come out
> on Thursday. I am attaching the press release below.
>
> Thank you for your support
>
> Esteban
>
>
>
> *From:* UCSF News [mailto:[email protected] <[email protected]>]
> *Sent:* Monday, June 09, 2014 12:16 PM
> *To:* Bole, Kristen
> *Subject:* Mexican Genetics Study Reveals Huge Variation in Ancestry
>
>
>
> UC SAN FRANCISCO
>
>
>
> Jennifer O’Brien, Assistant Vice Chancellor/Public Affairs
>
> Source: Kristen Bole (415) 502-6397 (NEWS)
>
> E-mail: [email protected]
>
> Web: www.ucsf.edu
>
> Twitter: @KristenBole <http://twitter.com/KristenBole>
>
>
>
> *EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE*
>
> 2 PM (ET), THURSDAY, JUNE 12, 2014
>
> TO COINCIDE WITH PUBLICATION IN *SCIENCE*
>
>
>
> *Mexican Genetics Study Reveals Huge Variation in Ancestry*
>
> *UCSF/Stanford Team Uncovers Basis for Health Differences among Latinos*
>
>
>
> In the most comprehensive genetic study of the Mexican population to date,
> researchers from UC San Francisco and Stanford University, along with
> Mexico’s National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN) have identified
> tremendous genetic diversity, reflecting thousands of years of separation
> among local populations and shedding light on a range of confounding
> aspects of Latino health.
>
>
>
> The study, which documented nearly 1 million genetic variants among more
> than 1,000 individuals, unveiled genetic differences as extensive as the
> variations between some Europeans and Asians, indicating populations that
> have been isolated for hundreds to thousands of years.
>
>
>
> These differences offer an explanation for the wide variety of health
> factors among Latinos of Mexican descent, including differing rates of
> breast cancer and asthma, as well as therapeutic response. Results of the
> study, on which UCSF and Stanford shared both first and senior authors,
> appear in the June 13, 2014 online edition of the journal *Science*.
>
>
>
> “Over thousands of years, there’s been a tremendous language and cultural
> diversity across Mexico, with large empires like the Aztec and Maya, as
> well as small, isolated populations,” said Christopher Gignoux, PhD, who
> was first author on the study with Andres Moreno-Estrada, first as a
> graduate student at UCSF and now as a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford.
> “Not only were we able to measure this diversity across the country, but we
> identified tremendous genetic diversity, with real disease implications
> based on where, precisely, your ancestors are from in Mexico.”
>
>
>
> For decades, physicians have based a range of diagnoses on patients’
> stated or perceived ethnic heritage, including baseline measurements for
> lung capacity, which are used to assess whether a patients’ lungs are
> damaged by disease or environmental factors. In that context, categories
> such as Latino or African-American, both of which reflect people of diverse
> combinations of genetic ancestry, can be dangerously misleading and cause
> both misdiagnoses and incorrect treatment.
>
>
>
> While there have been numerous disease/gene studies since the Human
> Genome Project, they have primarily focused on European and
> European-American populations, the researchers said. As a result, there is
> very little knowledge of the genetic basis for health differences among
> diverse populations.
>
>
>
> “In lung disease such as asthma or emphysema, we know that it matters what
> ancestry you have at specific locations on your genes,” said Esteban
> González Burchard, M.D., M.P.H., professor of Bioengineering and
> Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine in the UCSF schools of Pharmacy and
> Medicine, who is co-senior author of the paper with Carlos Bustamante, PhD,
> a professor of genetics at Stanford. “In this study, we realized that for
> disease classification it also matters what *type* of Native American
> ancestry you have. In terms of genetics, it’s the difference between a
> neighborhood and a precise street address.”
>
>
>
> The researchers focused on Mexico as one of the largest sources of
> pre-Columbian diversity, with a long history of complex civilizations that
> have had varying contributions to the present-day population. Working
> collaboratively across the institutions, the team enlisted 40 experts,
> ranging from bi-lingual anthropologists to statistical geneticists,
> computational biologists and clinicians, as well as researchers from
> multiple institutions in Mexico and others in England, France, Puerto
> Rico and Spain.
>
>
>
> The study covered most geographic regions in Mexico and represented 511
> people from 20 indigenous and 11 mestizo (ethnically mixed) populations. Their
> information was compared to genetic and lung-measurement data from two
> previous studies, including roughly 250 Mexican and Mexican-American childr
> en in the Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans (GALA) study, the
> largest genetic study of Latino children, which Burchard
> <http://pharm.ucsf.edu/burchard> leads.
>
>
>
> Among the results was the discovery of three distinct genetic clusters in
> different areas of Mexico, as well as clear remnants of ancient empires
> that cross seemingly remote geographical zones. In particular, the Seri
> people along the northern mainland coast of the Gulf of California and a
> Mayan people known as the Lacandon, near the Guatemalan border, are as
> genetically different from one another as Europeans are from Chinese.
>
>
>
> "We were surprised by the fact that this composition was also reflected in
> people with mixed ancestries from cosmopolitan areas,” said co-first author
> Andres Moreno-Estrada, MD, PhD, a life sciences research associate at
> Stanford. "Hidden among the European and African ancestry blocks,
> the indigenous genetic map resembles a geographic map of Mexico.”
>
>
>
> The study also revealed a dramatic difference in lung capacity between
> mestizo individuals with western indigenous Mexican ancestry and those with
> eastern ancestry, to the degree that in a lung test of two equally
> healthy people of the same age, someone from the west could appear to be
> a decade younger than a Yucatan counterpart. Burchard said this was
> clinically significant and could have important implications in diagnosing
> lung disease.
>
>
>
> Significantly, the study found that these genetic origins correlated directly
> to lung function in modern Mexican-Americans. As a result, the research
> lays the groundwork for both further research and for developing precise
> diagnostics and possibly even therapeutics, based on these genetic
> variations. It also creates a potentially important tool for public health
> policy, especially in Mexico, in allocating resources for both research
> and care.
>
>
>
> “This can shape public health and public policy,” Burchard said. “If
> you’re testing a group of kids who are at risk for asthma or other health
> conditions, you want to do it in an area where the frequency of the disease
> gene is highest. We now have a map of Mexico that will help researchers
> make those clinical and public health decisions.”
>
>
>
> Burchard, a pulmonologist whose work focuses on the impact of genetic
> ancestry on children’s risk of asthma and response to asthma medications,
> has wanted to study the Mexican population since 2003, both as a medical
> context for Mexican-Americans and as an opportunity to understand Native
> American genetics. To do so, he reached out to Bustamante,who directs the
> Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genomics.
>
>
>
> “We were particularly motivated by the fact that the vast majority of
> genetic studies have focused on populations of European descent,”
> Bustamante said. “We think there are lots of opportunities for
> understanding the biology, as well as understanding differences in disease
> outcome in different parts of the world, by studying the genetics of
> complex disease in different populations.”
>
>
>
> Over the past few years, researchers have begun to understand that genetic
> variation has a very peculiar structure, Bustamante said. Some common
> genetic variants reach appreciable frequencies (e.g., 30-50 percent) in
> many of the world’s populations. Most of these appear to have existed in
> the human gene pool at the time of the great human diasporas, including the
> migrations out of Africa. However, Bustamante said a “huge flurry” of other
> mutations have arisen since then, as human populations grew due to the
> advent and adoption of agriculture. These are much rarer, occurring in
> about 1- to 2 percent of the population, and are thought to be both more
> recent and relevant to health and disease. These rare variants make up
> the bulk of genetic alterations we see in human populations.
>
>
>
> Many of these genetic differences already are known to have a direct
> impact on our risk for certain diseases, such as the BRCA gene in breast
> cancer, or our ability to metabolize medications. But before we can develop
> more precise therapies or prescribe them to the right patients, we need far
> more knowledge of what those variants are across diverse populations, and
> how they affect health.
>
>
>
> “This is driving the ball down the field toward precision medicine,”
> Burchard said. “We can’t just clump everyone together and call them
> European Americans or Mexican Americans. There’s been a lot of resistance
> to studying racially mixed populations, because they’ve been considered too
> complex. We think that offers a real scientific advantage.”
>
>
>
> Complete results and a full list of authors can be found in the paper,
> which appears online at Sciencemag.org <http://www.sciencemag.org/>. A
> representative chart of a diverse genome, reflecting varied heritage across
> one individual’s genes, can be found on the Burchard Lab website.
>
>
>
> The study was supported by the Federal Government of Mexico, Mexican
> Health Foundation, Gonzalo Rio Arronte Foundation, George Rosenkranz Prize
> for Health Care Research in Developing Countries, UCSF Chancellor’s
> Research Fellowship, Stanford Department of Genetics, National Institutes
> of Health (grants GM007175, 5R01GM090087, 2R01HG003229, ES015794, GM007546,
> GM061390, HL004464, HL078885, HL088133, RR000083, P60MD006902 and ZIA
> ES49019), National Science Foundation, a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
> Amos Medical Faculty Development Award, Sandler Foundation, America Asthma
> Foundation and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
>
>
>
> UCSF is the nation’s leading university exclusively focused on health. Now
> celebrating the 150th anniversary of its founding as a medical college,
> UCSF is dedicated to transforming health worldwide through advanced
> biomedical research, graduate-level education in the life sciences and
> health professions, and excellence in patient care. It includes top-ranked
> graduate schools of dentistry, medicine, nursing and pharmacy; a graduate
> division with world-renowned programs in the biological sciences, a
> preeminent biomedical research enterprise and two top-tier hospitals, UCSF
> Medical Center and UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco. Please
> visit www.ucsf.edu.
>
>
>
> ###
>
> Follow UCSF
>
> UCSF.edu <http://www.ucsf.edu> | Facebook.com/ucsf
> <http://facebook.com/ucsf> | Twitter.com/ucsf <http://twitter.com/ucsf> |
> YouTube.com/ucsf <http://youtube.com/ucsf>
>
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>
>
>
>
ℹ️ Document Details
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