EFTA01295633.pdf

NAME SEARCHED: Mort, Inc PWM BIS-RESEARCH performed due diligence research in accordance with the standards set by AML Compliance for your business. We completed thorough searches on your subject name(s) in the required databases and have attached the search results under the correct heading below. Significant negative media results may require escalation to senior business. Legal and Compliance management. Also. all accounts involving PEPs must be escalated Search: Result: Click here for results: Reviewer Comments (as necessary): RIX: z No I Iii O Not Regtoml I. RUC Results No RDC Alert • h it ®No Hit O Not Required PCR El Hit II. PCR Results No PCR Alert III. Negative Media No Information Found BIS O Yes No No Information Found Not Required IV. Non-Negative Media No Information Found V. Other Language Media Information Found (Please see attached) Results? El Yes O No VI. MB D&B O Not Required Information Found (Please see attached) Smartlinx Results? El Yes O No El Not Required VII. Stnartlinx 23 Review by Legal May Information Found (Please see attached) Court Cases be Required O No Resins VIII. Court Cases O Search not required Prcpaied by: Akshay Davera Date: 10/01/2015 Research Analyst Instructions: 1. Review and confirm that all results are returned for your client. 2. Please note that you are still required to perform any Martindale-Hubbell search (if applicable) on each search subject. We have attached the web link below for your convenience:Martindale-Hubbellhttp://www.martindale.com/xp/Nlariindale/home.xml 3. As needed, provide comment for any negative results. 4. If applicable, please obtain clearance from Compliance for all alerts. 5. Save any changes you make to this document and attach file to your KYC. Please note: Submission of a signed KYC is your confirmation that you have fully reviewed the research documents. For internal use only SONY GM_00056796 CONFIDENTIAL — PURSUANT TO FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e) CONFIDENTIAL OB-SDNY-0019620 EFTA_00167366 EFTA01295633  Page 2 OFAC RESULTS RDC: City:St, Thomas Not Alerts OBOI Mort, Inc Country:NArgin Islands, U.s. PCR: Mort, Inc NCA customised Auto-Closed No-Hit 02/10/2015 BIS RESULTS: Negative Media: No Information Found Non-Negative Media: No Information Found Other Language Media: No Information Found Public Record: 1 OF 2 RECORD(S) Comprehensive Business Report Report Created:10.01-2015 6:17 PM EST I FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY I Copyright@ 2015 LexisNexis. All rights reserved. Search Terms - company(Mort. Inc) radius(15) Executives - Current (0) Incorporation/SOS (1) Operations/Sites (2) Sales (0) Licenses (0) URLs (0) Real Property - Current (1) Real Property - Prior (0) MVRs - Current (0) MVRs • Prior (1) Watercraft • Current (0) Watercraft • Prior (0) Aircraft - Current (0) Aircraft - Prior (0) Bankruptcy Filings (0) Judgments & Liens Filings (0) UCC Filings (0) Executives - Prior (2) Registered Agents (1) Name Variations (1) Possible Employees (1) Person Associates (0) Business Associates (2) TINs (0) Possible Connected Parent Company (0) Industry Information (0) Business (4) View Al Sources (9) For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056797 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.WN(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019621 EFrA_00167367 EFTA01295634  Page 2 Business Summa Name Address MORT, INC. 820 W Spruce St Rawlins, WY 82301-5440 (Most Reconi Listing) Carbon County osbirzoi2 - 09292015 (E) (Business) LexID Established TIN 0001-0078-5323 2004 (11 Years in Business) At a Glance Real Property 1 UCC Debtor 0 Personal Property 0 Bankruptcy 0 Secured Assets 0 Judgments/Liens 0 Executives 0 Foreclosure/Notice of Default 0 Name Variations -1 name variations found NO. NAME 1. MORT. INC. TINs - 0 TINs found Business Profile Executives: Current - 0 executive(s) found lncor oration/SOS (1 active, 0 other) NO. 1 NAME FILING TYPE STATUS FILING FILING NO. STATE DATE 1. MORT, INC. CORPORATION- ACTIVE 03125/1999 1999- WY BUSINESS 000343534 Additional Details Business Type: CORPORATION-BUSINESS Business Status: ACTIVE Filing Type: FILING Expiration: PERPETUAL For Profit Unknown Foreign/Domestic: Domestic Origin: State of WY OperatingLocations - Showing 2 location(s) NO. ADDRESS METRO AREA PHONE 1. 502 W Spruce St CARBON COUNTY Rawlins, WY 82301-5548 Carbon County (Business) 2. 820 W Spruce St CARBON COUNTY Rawlins, WY 82301-5440 (Most Recent Listng) Carbon County 05&012012.091292015 8 (Business) Sales - 0 record(s) found For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056798 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.cON(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019622 EFTA_00 167368 EFTA01295635  Page 3 Parent Company - 0 record(s) found Industry Information - no information found Licenses - 0 licenses found URLs - 0 URLs found Bankruptcy (0 active, 0 closed) Judgments/Liens (0 filings) UCC Filings (0 debtor, 0 creditor) Real Property (1 current, 0 prior NO. 1. ADDRESS 820 W Spruce St Rawlins. WY 82301-5440 Carbon County Source: B Owner 1 Information 1 STATUS Current PURCHASE PRICE SALE PRICE STATE WY MORT INC PO Box 357 Rawlins. WY 82301-0357 Carbon County Legal Information Parcel Number 21871733100400 Assessment Year: 2014 Recording Date: 02/29/2008 Document Type: ASSESSOR Assessed Value: $18,654.00 Market Land Value: 310,212.00 Total Market Value: 5196.364.00 Type of Address: COMMERCIAL OFFICE (GENERAL) Personal Property (0 current, 1 prior) NO. TYPE STATUS YEAR/MAKE MODEL VIN 1. MVR Prior 2004 Lexus RX 330.4 Dr Wagon Sport Utility Vehicle Information VIN- Year 2004 Make. Lexus Model: RX 330 Style: 4 Dr Wagon Sport Utility Base Price: $37,000.00 For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056799 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.QC;IN(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019623 EFTA_00 167369 EFTA01295636  Page 4 Source Information Data Source: GOVERNMENTAL Registrant 1 MORT. INC. 502 W Spruce St Rawlins, WY 82301-5548 Carbon County Jurisdiction: WY License Plate: Original Registration Date. 05/1912008 Registration Date. 03/24/2010 Registration Expiration Date: 03/31/2011 Associates Executives: Prior - 2 prior executive(sl found NO. NAME TITLE 1. Mortensen, Tammy DIRECTOR (03/25/1999) 2. Mortensen, Troy L DIRECTOR (03/25/1999) Registered Agents -1 registered agent(s) found NO. NAME ADDRESS STATE DATE S 1. Mortensen, Tammy K Wyoming 03/25/1999 - 09/102015 Possible Employees - 0 current, 1 prior employees found NO. NAME ADDRESS STATUS DATE S 1. Mortensen. Tammy Prior N/A 03/25/1999 Person Associates - 0 other person associates found Possible Connected Business - 4 businesses found NO. NAME ADDRESS 1. MORT INC PO Box 357 Rawlins. WY 82301-0357 Carbon County 2. MORT INC 2222 Dunblane Dr Rawlins, WY 82301-4236 Carbon County 3. MORT INC 603 W Spruce St Rawlins, WY 82301-5435 Carbon County 4. MORT. INC. 1325 High St Rawlins, WY 82301-4642 Carbon County For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056800 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.Q11;)N(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019624 EFTA_00 167370 EFTA01295637  Page 5 Business Associates - 2 business associates found NO. NAME ADDRESS ROLE 1. MORT INC PO Box 357 Real Property Rawlins, WY 82301-0357 Carbon County 2. MORT INCORPORATED 2222 Dunblane Dr Real Property Rawlins, WY 82301.4236 Carbon County Sources All Sources 9 Source Documents Real Property 4 Source Documents Personal Property 2 Source Documents Corporate Filings 1 Source Documents Other Directories 1 Source Documents Experian Credit Risk DB 1 Source Documents Key: A High Risk Indicator. These symbols may prompt you to investigate further. / Moderate Risk Indicator. These symbols may prompt you to investigate further. r- General Information Indicator. These symbols inform you that additional information is provided. to0 The most recent telephone listing as reported by Electronic Directory Assistance. Wireless Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a cell phone number. ® Residential Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a residential phone number. Business Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a business phone number. ® Shared Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate the phone number may be shared between wireless and landline service. (E.) FAX Indicator. These symbols indicate a FAX number. Government Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a government phone number. Important: The Public Records and commercially available data sources used on reports have errors. Data is sometimes entered poorly. processed imamate/ and is generally not free from doled. This system should not be relied upon as definitively accurate. Before retying on any dada this system supplies, it should be independently verified. For Secretary of State documents* the foloviing data is for information purposes only and is not an official record. Certified copies may be obtained horn that VuRridual slates Department of State. Your DPPA Permissible Use is: Debt Recovery/Fraud Your GLBA Permissible Use Is: Legal Compliance Copyright O 2015 Lexistrexis, a derision of Reed Elsevier Inc. AI Rights Reserved. 2 OF 2 RECORD(S) Comprehensive Business Report Report Created:10-01-2015 6.17 PM EST I FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY I Copyright O 2015 LexisNexis, All rights reserved. Search Terms - company(Mort. Inc) radius(15) Executives • Current (0) Incorporation/SOS (0) Operations/Sites (1) Sales (0) Licenses (0) URLs (0) Real Property - Current (0) Real Properly • Prior (0) MVRs - Current (0) MVRs - Prior (0) Watercraft - Current (0) Watercraft - Prior (0) Aircraft - Current (0) Aircraft - Prior (0) Bankruptcy Filings (0) Judgments & Liens Filings (0) UCC Filings (0) Executives - Prior (0) Registered Agents (1) Name Variations (1) Possible Employees (1) Person Associates (0) Business Associates (0) TINs (0) For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056801 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.QQN(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019625 EFTA_00167371 EFTA01295638  Page 6 Possible Connected Parent Company (0) Industry Information (0) Business (4) View AII Sources (0) Business Summa Name Address Phone MORT INC 603 W Spruce St / (Company is inactive) Rawlins, WY 82301-5435 Carbon County LexID Established TIN 0001-0078-5723 2011 (4 Years in Business) At a Glance Real Property 0 UCC Debtor 0 Personal Property 0 Bankruptcy 0 Secured Assets 0 Judgmentstiens 0 Executives 0 Foreclosure/Notice of Default 0 Name Variations -1 name variations found NO. NAME 1. MORT INC TINS - 0 TINS found Business Profile Executives: Current - 0 executive(s) found Incorporation/SOS (0 active, 0 other) 0 eratin Locations - Showing 1 location s NO. ADDRESS METRO AREA PHONE 1. 603 W Spruce St CARBON COUNTY Rawlins. WY 82301-5435 Carbon County Sales 0 record(s) found Parent Company - 0 record(s) found Industry Information - no information found Licenses - 0 licenses found URLs - 0 URLs found Bankruptcy (0 active, 0 closed) Judgments/Liens (0 filings) UCC Filings (0 debtor, 0 creditor) Real Property (0 current, 0 prior) Personal Property (0 current, 0 prior) For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056802 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.ctON(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019626 EFTA_00 167372 EFTA01295639  Page 7 Associates Executives: Prior - 0 prior executive(s) found Registered Agents -1 registered agent(s) found NO. NAME ADDRESS STATE DATE(S) 1. Possible Employees - 0 current, 1prior employees found NO. NAME ADDRESS STATUS DATE(S) 1. Mortensen, Tammy K Prior N/A 03/25/1999 Person Associates - 0 other person associates found Possible Connected Business - 4 businesses found NO. NAME ADDRESS 1. MORT INC PO Box 357 Rawlins, WY 82301-0357 Carbon County 2. MORT INC 2222 Dunblane Dr Rawlins. WY 82301-4236 Carbon County 3. MORT, INC. 820 W Spruce St Rawlins. WY 82301-5440 Carbon County 4. MORT. INC. 1325 High St Rawlins, WY 82301-4642 Carbon County Business Associates - 0 business associates found Sources Key: A High Risk Indicator. These symbols may prompt you to investigate further. / Moderate Risk Indicator. These symbols may prompt you to investigate further. 116- General Information Indicator. These symbols inform you that additional information is provided. 40 The most recent telephone listing as reported by Electronic Directory Assistance. 4it Wireless Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a cell phone number. Residential Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a residential phone number. Business Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a business phone number Shared Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate the phone number may be shared between wireless and landline service. FAX Indicator. These symbols indicate a FAX number. Government Phone Indicator. These symbols indicate a govemment phone number. Important: The Public Records end oornmercially washable dela sources used on reports have errors. Data is sometimes entered phony, processed incorrectly and is generally not free from detect This system should 001 be relied upon as definitively accurate. Before relying on any data this system supplies. it should be independently verified. For Secretary of Slate documents, the focloyring data is for information purposes only and is not an official record. Declined copies may be obtained from that autnidual stales Department of Stale. For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056803 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.QQN(F IDENTIAL DB-SONY-0019627 EFTA_00 167373 EFTA01295640  Page 8 Your DPPA Permissible Use is. Debt Recovery/Fraud Your MBA Permissible Use is: Legal Compliance Copyright 0 2015 LexisNexis. a division or Reed Ebevier Inc Al Rights Reserved. D&B: Copyright 2015 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. July 8, 2015 Dun's Decision Makers View the DMI Record Glass City Mort Inc 2558 Parkway Plz Maumee, OH 43537-3772 United States BUSINESS ADDRESS: 2558 Parkway Plz, Maumee, OH 43537-3772, United States MSA: Toledo, OH - 8400 COUNTY: Lucas COMPANY IDENTIFIERS DUNS NUMBER: EXECUTIVES Principal: Donald McCorkle, Ill, Prin Donald McCorkle, III, Prin DESCRIPTION INDUSTRY TYPE: Retail Trade; Ret Paint/Glass/Wallpaper Copyright 2015 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056804 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.QQN(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019628 EFTA_00 167374 EFTA01295641  Page 9 Dun's Market Identifiers Plus, 07/05/15, Mort's Inc July 5, 2015 Dun's Decision Makers View the DMI Record Mort's Inc P O Box 400 Latimer, IA 50452 United States BUSINESS ADDRESS: 1451a Gull Ave, Latimer, IA 50452, United States COUNTY: Franklin COMPANY IDENTIFIERS DUNS NUMBER: 02-207-9289 EXECUTIVES President: Seth Morton, President Seth Morton, President Treasurer: Tracy Morton, Treasurer Tracy Morton, Treasurer Administrative Secretary: Priscilla M Eddy, Secretary Priscilla M Eddy, Secretary Bookkeeper: Norma Allen, Bookeeper Norma Allen, Bookeeper DESCRIPTION For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056805 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.CON(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019629 EFTA_00 167375 EFTA01295642  Page 10 Dun's Market Identifiers Plus, 07/05/15, Mort's Inc INDUSTRY TYPE: Construction; Water Pump Installation Plumbing Contractor Sewer Construction & Whol & Installation Water Treatment Equipment Copyright 2015 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. June 28, 2015 Dun's Decision Makers View the DMI Record Mort's Inc 505 Industrial Park Rd Iowa Falls, IA 50126-9500 United States BUSINESS ADDRESS: 505 Industrial Park Rd, Iowa Falls, IA 50126-9500, United States COUNTY: Hardin ***** * * " * COMPANY IDENTIFIERS DUNS NUMBER: EXECUTIVES Manager: Deaune Sudpelgte, Manager Deaune Sudpelgte, Manager DESCRIPTION INDUSTRY TYPE: Construction; Plumbing & Heating Contractor Copyright 2015 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056806 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.CON(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019630 EFTA_00 167376 EFTA01295643  Page 11 dun&bracstreet Federal Employer Identification Numbers June 7, 2015 MORTS INC 505 INDUSTRIAL PARK RD IOWA FALLS, IA 50126 UNITED STATES COMMUNICATIONS TELEPHONE: COMPANY IDENTIFIERS FEIN: SOURCE REFERENCE NAME: MORT'S INC HEADQUARTER/PARENT DUNS NUMBER: EXECUTIVES TOP CONTACT: Manager Deaune Sudpelgte MARKET AND INDUSTRY SIC CODES: CROSS REFERENCE: PRIMARY BUSINESS NAME: Mort's Inc ADDITIONAL BUSINESS NAME: Mort's Plumbing & Heating LOAD-DATE: September 28, 2015 LEGAL RESULTS: Court Cases: QUINTON BROWN; JASON GUY; ALVIN SIMMONS; SHELDON SINGLETARY; GERALD WHITE; RAMON ROANE; JACOB RAVENELL, individually and on behalf of the class they seek to represent, Plaintiffs - Appellants, v. NUCOR CORPORATION; NUCOR STEEL-BERKELEY, Defendants - Appellees. For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056807 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.Q;;NE IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019631 EFTA_00 167377 EFTA01295644  Page 12 785 F.3d 895, "; 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 7739, **; 126 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1793: 99 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P45,306 No. 13-1779 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT 785 F.3d 895; 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 7739; 126 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1793; 99 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P45,306; 91 Fed. R. Serv. 3d (Callaghan) 1169 September 17, 2014, Argued May 11, 2015, Decided PRIOR HISTORY: r ijAppeal from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at Charleston. (2:04-cv-22005-CWH). C. Weston Houck, Senior District Judge. Brown v. Nucor Corp., 576 F.3d 149, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS 17643 (4th Cir. S.C., 2009) DISPOSITION: VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS. CASE SUMMARY: OVERVIEW: HOLDINGS: [1]-Certification of a class of black steel workers who alleged racial discrimination at a South Carolina plant was warranted for allegations of discriminatory job promotion practices because statistical and substantial anecdotal evidence suggested discrimination in promotion decisions in multiple departments for purposes of commonality under Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(2): [2]-Decertification of the class was an abuse of discretion because the workers' direct evidence sufficiently showed common claims of disparate treatment and disparate impact under 42 U.S.C.S. § 2000e- 2(k). and additionally. the statistical disparity actually exceeded two standard deviations: [3]-Reconsideration of the predominance requirement under Rule 23(b)(3) was error, as it was not part of the remand order and there were no new facts or legal precedent that justified revisiting that determination. OUTCOME: Judgment vacated in part; matter remanded with instructions to recertify promotions class. CORE TERMS: promotion, statistical, commonality, plant, predominance, anecdotal, supervisor, disparity, hostile, class certification, certification, work environment, statistical evidence, bidding, statistics, class action, certify, discriminatory, plant-wide, beam mill, black workers, class members, disparate treatment, opening, bidder, pool, standard deviations, manager, disparate impact. general manager LexisNexis(R) Headnotes For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056808 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.QCIANI(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019632 EFTA_00 167378 EFTA01295645  Page 13 785 F.3d 895, *; 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 7739, n; 126 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1793; 99 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P45,306 Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Certification Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Appellate Review Civil Procedure > Appeals > Remands Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Review > De Novo Review Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Review > Abuse of Discretion [HN1]Appellate courts typically review a district court's certification order for abuse of discretion. The appellate courts review de novo, however, whether a district court contravenes a prior express or implicit mandate issued by the appellate court. Civil Procedure > Appeals > Remands Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Decertification [HN2]As to the question of whether a district court's decertification order violated the appellate court's mandate, an "extraordinary" exception to the mandate rule exists when there is a showing that controlling legal authority has changed dramatically. Moreover, Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(c)(1)(C) provides a district court with broad discretion to alter or amend a prior class certification decision at any time before final judgment. Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Prerequisites > Commonality [HN3]At the very least, Wal-Mart recalibrated and sharpened the lens through which a court examines class certification decisions under Fed R. Civ. P. 23(a)(2), an impact plainly manifested by the number of certifications overturned in its wake. Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Certification Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Appellate Review Civil Procedure > Appeals > Appellate Jurisdiction > Lower Court Jurisdiction [HN4] Class certification orders are not final judgments impervious to lower court review and revision. Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Review > Abuse of Discretion Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Certification Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Appellate Review [HN5]The law gives broad leeway to district courts in making class certification decisions, and their judgments are to be reviewed by the court of appeals only for abuse of discretion. A district court abuses its discretion when it materially misapplies the requirements of Fed. R. Civ. P. 23. A district court per se abuses its discretion when it makes an error of law or clearly errs in its factual findings. Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Prerequisites > Commonality [HN6] Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a)(2) establishes that a class action may be maintained only if "there are questions of law or fact common to the class." Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Prerequisites > General Overview Evidence > Procedural Considerations > Burdens of Proof > Allocation [HN7]Wal-Mart reaffirmed existing precedent that courts must rigorously examine whether plaintiffs have met the prerequisites of Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(a) at the certification stage, an For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056809 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.QC;IN(F IDENTIAL DB-SONY-0019633 EFTA_00 167379 EFTA01295646  Page 14 785 F.3d 895, *; 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 7739, ea; 126 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1793; 99 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P45,306 analysis that will often overlap with the merits of a claim. But as the Court later clarified, Rule 23 grants courts no license to engage in free-ranging merits inquiries at the certification stage. Instead, the merits of a claim may be considered only when relevant to determining whether the Rule 23 prerequisites for class certification are satisfied. Evidence > Procedural Considerations > Weight & Sufficiency Civil Procedure> Class Actions > Prerequisites > General Overview [HN8] While an evaluation of the merits to determine the strength of the plaintiffs' case is not part of a Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 analysis, the factors spelled out in Rule 23 must be addressed through findings, even if they overlap with issues on the merits. Civil Procedure> Class Actions > Prerequisites > General Overview Evidence > Procedural Considerations > Weight & Sufficiency [HN9] Fed. R. Civ. P. 23 is not a mere pleading standard. Far from it. A court should engage the merits of a claim only to the extent necessary to verify that Rule 23 has been satisfied. Evidence > Procedural Considerations > Weight & Sufficiency Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > General Overview [HN10] Of course, it belabors the obvious to observe that the alternative benchmark is a less precise measure than actual bidding data to prove discrimination. It is also clear, however, that plaintiffs may rely on other reliable data sources and estimates when a company has destroyed or discarded the primary evidence in a discrimination case. More than two decades of judicial precedent affirm as much. Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > General Overview Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > Statistical Evidence Civil Procedure> Class Actions > Prerequisites > Commonality [HN11] The critical question is not whether the data used is perfect for purposes of establishing commonality for class certification in a discrimination matter, but instead whether it is reliable and probative of discrimination. To that end, a court must examine whether any statistical assumptions made in the analysis are reasonable. Civil Procedure> Class Actions > Prerequisites > Commonality Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > Statistical Evidence [HN12] An incremental reduction in probative value - which is a natural consequence of the use of proxy data - does not itself render a statistical study unreliable in establishing a question of discrimination common to the class. Indeed, to conclude otherwise would undermine prior precedent, rendering plaintiffs unable to bring a statistics-based employment discrimination claim after a company has intentionally or inadvertently destroyed actual applicant data. For internal use only SDNY_GM_00056810 CONFIDENTIAL - PURSUANT TO FED. R.QQN(F IDENTIAL DB-SDNY-0019634 EFTA_00 167380 EFTA01295647  Page 15 785 F.3d 895, *; 2015 U.S. App. LEXIS 7739, n; 126 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1793; 99 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) P45,306 Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > Statistical Evidence Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Prerequisites > Commonality [HN13] What matters for determining commonality under class certification in a discrimination matter is not whether an analysis makes assumptions based on imperfect data, but whether those assumptions are reasonable. Indeed, statistics are not certainties but are merely a body of methods for making wise decisions in the face of uncertainty. Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > Statistical Evidence [HN14] Statistical significance is not always synonymous with legal significance, such as in the discrimination context. Indeed, the usefulness of statistical evidence often depends on all of the surrounding facts and circumstances. Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > Burdens of Proof Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Prerequisites > Commonality [HN15] Wal-Mart instructs that plaintiffs must present a common contention capable of being proven or disproven in "one stroke" to satisfy Fed., R. Civ. P. 23(a)(2)'s commonality requirement. Thus, a class-wide proceeding must be able to generate common answers that drive the litigation. For a claim based on discrimination in employment decisions, without some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together, it will be impossible to say that examination of all the class members' claims for relief will produce a common answer to the crucial question why was I disfavored. Semantic dexterity in crafting a common contention is not enough. Commonality instead requires the plaintiff to demonstrate that the class members "have suffered the same injury." As such, a court must examine whether differences between class members impede the discovery of common answers. Civil Procedure > Class Actions > Prerequisites > Commonality Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > Statistical Evidence Labor & Employment Law > Discrimination > Disparate Treatment > Proof > Burdens of Proof [HN16] In the absence of a common job evaluation procedure, Wal-Mart held that statistical proof of employment discrimination at the regional a