EFTA00281422.pdf

Fire Parsons The New School for Design School of Constructed Environments Interior Design (AAS) Environmental Design PAID 1028-X1 SP-17 Hikida L aJ EFTA00281422 Learning Objectives • At the end of this presentation you should know: • The U.S. energy use by sector; • The sources of household energy in the U.S.; • Percentage of world energy consumed in the U.S.; • U.S. household energy use; • How to select Energy Star appliances; • How to develop a life-cycle cost analysis that includes annual energy use; • The energy consumption and life-cycle costs associated with incandescent, compact fluorescent, and LED lamps; • What light power density (LPD) means; • The principles of daylight harvesting; • The difference between a vacancy and an occupancy sensor; • How to calculate daylight as a percentage in plan; • How to calculate daylight for seated occupants. EFTA00281423 Fire Facts Fire is a chemical reaction that releases light and heat. Fires require fuel, oxygen and heat to burn. Different types offuel include coal, oil and wood. Flames are the part of a fire which we can see, they can be dWerent colors, depending on the substance which is burning. A candle flame typically burns at around 1000 degrees Celsius (1800 Fahrenheit). EFTA00281424 Energy Facts Figure 2.0 Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2011 ojutrucar E3:L. Non-renewable energy sources Total a 97.3 Source Sector comprise 82% Renewable and nuclear energy comprise less than 20% Petrolc..^ 35 i36` IL Transportation 27 0 (28%) Renewable energy includes: kidustnale conventional hydroelectric power, 20.3 (21%) geothermal, solar/photovoltaic, Natural Gas' 24.8 wind, and biomass. (26%) United States Energy Information Administration Chart (2011) Electric Power' displaying energy sources and Renewable Energy' 39.3 (40%) energy use by sector 9 1(9%) Nuclear Electric Power 8.3 (8%) Does nx bb bdab tit ham been Wended et patraleurraktels n it4sd n Brinarny an] carbnedtesandporar (Of) plants rime ornery Mass b SaW Saircey. a dem rid heat. to to plic, bites 0 1 patio , Bea ci Seamyne Et" SUPPineti pawnha. nab na *can troy ',moue' lenbciesIns than(II cp.aclion e a a/ caws net man Nan Prem•nny in Ste temrix us 4eaocass5 bn staitsmal enewbala-ae. 0:narecnal trpooloctre x—. padinr4 salalixfoctic. *ma 312 MMUS MSay a. b someday cc 'inn tors at snaggy Oxeorrple. coals Leto! to InSidec moosa antiewdreat-and-pmet (OP) an, rata, tAecnotrrn plans won* olednacy) • Sun ct orixnins myna Waal teal Gam notpenOwircumbno bad,. Cannella torthanintai-an5i,0Mr tee at conneroal ebnrolyaly Seas. U.S Energy Winnxcn Arinstraol. Mist &wit Review 2011. Tate?, I3, 2 lb.? it 10 3. and '04 U.S. Enemy Inlonnama Ad/newsman l Annual Ern/ Pease 20n EFTA00281425 Energy Facts End-Use Sector Shares of Total Consumption, 2011 In the United States, the Residential and Commercial sectors consume Commercial Residential 41% of the total energy produced — includes energy used to produce electric power. Source: United States Energy Information Administration Chart (2011) for end-use energy consumption by sector. Industnal Transportation EFTA00281426 Energy Facts Household Energy Consumption by Source. 2009 46% of household energy consumption is natural gas 43% of household energy consumption is electricity Source: United States Energy Information Administration Chart (2011) for household energy consumption by source Total = 10.18 Quadrillion Btu EFTA00281427 Energy Fact #01 Q: How much energy does a person use in a year? A: In 2011, total energy use per person (or per capita consumption) in the United States was about 313 million British thermal units (Btu). The world per capita consumption of energy' in 2011 was about 75 million Btu. People in the United States consume approximately 4-times more energy per person per year than the world average. Q: What would the consequences be if everyone in the world consumed the same amount of energy per person as people in the United States? Q: What would be the result if everyone in the United States reduced their energy consumption to equal the world per capita EFTA00281428 Energy Fact #02 The population of the United States is 320 million. The population of the world is 7.2 billion. The population of the United States is 4.4% of the world's population. In 2012, world total primary energy consumption was about 529 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu). Primary energy consumption in the United States was about 95 quadrillion Btu, equal to 18% of world total primary energy consumption. Q: Is it reasonable for 5% of the world's population to consume 20% of the world's energy? Is it sustainable? EFTA00281429 Household Energy Use 36% of household energy Other E uipment Household Electricity 1 consumption is related to household Consumption appliances Laundry 3% Appliances 33% of household energy 7% Air-Conditioning consumption is related to heating Home 17% and air conditioning Electronics- 8% 10% of household energy consumption is related to lighting Lighting Space Heating 10% of household energy 10% 11% consumption is related to water heating Water Heati HVAC Appliances Note: waste heat from appliances 5% 10% and lighting can contribute to the heat load and to additional cooling requirements. Kitchen Appliances Source: TeachEngineering.org 29% _M EFTA00281430 Energy Star Equipment and Appliances 1. Use the USGBC LEED CI 2009 EA Credit 1.4 Letter Template to create a list ofyour Video Monitor household appliances. 2. Research Energy Star appliances to replace as many ofyour existing appliances as 1 Computer and possible. Monitor 3. Note: There is no ENERGY Printer STAR labelfor residential ovens, ranges, or microwave ovens at this time. Resource: http://www.energystarzov/index.cfin ?fiiseaction=find a _pn9duct • • Refrigerator Dishwasher Clothes Clothes Washer Dryer EFTA00281431  LEW.< 13.0 Letter Template Energy Star Equipment EA Leda i.e. Op tintieefnergy Nelsen sec* Egwprnent & Appbencas and Appliances INesponsible Party: I. Kant Nikithe 1. Use the USGBC LEED CI 2009 .ctscLare to USG8C Nut Energy Star eligible equiprrem 5111rated trod yield the indicated percentage ci the total. determined by rated power. applrances are ENERGY EA Credit 1.4 Letter Template I Awe* pr o Tided the following documentation to support the circler..., to create a list ofyour X A masa. clr.cnbiNg the aqup-nent and ap0iancen the *ill be imuled in dep.:Oct. household appliances. Rated Pow. Tot el Number NT , ,b:R.f Tetal Power la Pourer that is .nergy Stet Eq. ipment pn ,,,K, Energy Sew Rand 2. Research Energy Star 111maN in Project Profe4 Pnient(msenl appliances to replace as many Refrigerator 750 750 750 ofyour existing appliances as Cisheresher 1.100 U 1.200 41. .203 Oodles Washer ISO • 350 it ISO possible. OotIve Dryer 1000 2.002 Il 2.0.3 Television 100 • 100 II 3. Note: There is no ENERGY Computer 120 120 it 120 STAR labelfor residential 211LCD Display I TO • 130 11 " Pb.,,., 120 120 1I 120 ovens, ranges, or microwave Ilk AM ovens at this time. • 1 Microwero. N/A 1 Resource: Cyan/Range. N/A 1 http://www.energystargov/index.cfin LIED -CI 24 Letter Templet* Zfuseaction=find a_picduct. EA God* IT. OpOrnimEnotqy Perform.** Equiprimat ■ Appliarnin talPento• Prot.! for ENERGY STAR Reuel Equipment and Appinonn brats) PercAntsga of IMERGYSIAR AMA Rework+ El•Annern and Applionno In Project EFTA00281432  Table 2. Energy Consumption and Rated Power, by Equipment Type Energy Star Equipment Rated Power Total Number Number of Total Porn In Power that is Energy SW Equipment (watts) in Prefect Energy Str Project (watts) Energy Star (wars) and Appliances Desktop Computer 120 10 8 1200 960 Notebook Computer 45 20 :5 900 720 USGBC LEED C12009 EA Credit Dtsplay (CRT) 15- 100 0 0 1.4 &splay (CRT) 1T 200 2 400 200 Display (CRT) zr 300 0 0 Reference Table 2 Dtsplay (LCD) 15- 45 2 2 90 90 Display (LCD) 1T 75 6 4 450 300 Energy Consumption and Rated Display (LCD) 21" 120 0 0 Power; by Equipment Type Desktop law printer 120 1 0 120 0 Office laser printer 250 2 500 250 NOTE: Desktop copier 225 0 0 Office copier 750 1 750 750 F119177 the FULL LEED CI 2009 Fax machine 45 1 1 45 45 Guide Scannc• :5 0 0 Refrigerator 750 1 1 750 750 Dishwasher 1200 1 1 1200 1203 Televisions 100 0 0 Commercial refrigerator/freezer 1000 0 0 Commercial fryer 10000 0 0 Commercial hot food holding cabinet 1500 0 0 Commercial steam cocker 8000 0 0 Clothes washer 350 0 0 Clothes dryer 2000 0 0 Totals 6405 5265 Percent Energy Star 82.2% Sources Eneest Star webqte Cypostioparacpa) DOE Ene%y Inlorrnabon Portal Relloliveve ewe enteerr met LINattaCt Eterkt4ey nattonal Laboratory Webute and Reports Indoteenduse 'blow! ESTARdemil Nat The wakes in this table represent amigo rated power figures la equtront bawd on • variety d gwonwnor Named ion sources. The values are applicable only br wetglihrg the LEED calculation based on *lame power draws Diddle:Led equipment and we not meant to be accurate Ot, marts or >dual power en we EFTA00281433 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis GE Profile" Series ENERGY STAR® French-Door Refrigerator GE® 25.4 Cu. Ft. Side-By-Side 1. Create a life-cycle analysis for two (2) options for one PW£23KSOSS (1) appliance. Include first Mode& GSS25G9iSS cost, and annual energy cost. Use $0.12 per watt for the energy cost. 2. Which is the least expensive to purchase? 3. Which appliance uses less energy, and costs less to operate annually? 4. At what point is the more expensive appliance more $1,400.00 cost-effective? EFTA00281434  Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 1. Create a life-cycle analysis for two (2) options for one (I) appliance. Include first cost, and annual energy cost Use $0.12 per watt for the energy cost 2. Which is the least expensive to purchase? 3. Which appliance uses less energy, and costs less to operate annually? 4. At what point is the more expensive appliance more cost-effective? Annual Annual Energy Mon Appllance Model No. Cost Ent Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 Year 93 GE Profile Series Energy Star Option 1 23.1CU. Ff. Counter-Depth PWE23K5DSS $2.600.00 596 $72.00 $2,672.00 $2,744.00 $2,816.00 $2,888.00 $2,960.00 $3,032.00 $3,104.00 $3,176.00 $3,248.00 $3,320.00 $9296.00 GE® 25.4 Cu. Ft. Option 2 Side-By-Side Refrigerator GSS2SGSHSS $1,400.00 708 $85.00 51.485.00 $1,570.00 $1,655.00 $1.740.00 $1,825.00 $1,910.00 $1.995.00 $2,080.00 $2.165.00 $2,250.00 $9,305.00 11,201100 -$13.00 $1,187.00 $1,174.00 $1,161.00 $1,148.00 $1,135.00 $1,122.00 $1.109.00 $1,096.00 $1,083.00 $1,070.00 49.00 Result: Option 1costs $1,200.00 more than Option 2. Option 1 costs $13.00 less per year in energy costs. It would take 93-years for Option 1to be more cost effective than Option 2. Note: This assumes that energy costs remain the same for the next 93-years at $0.12/kWh. 4•1 EFTA00281435 Lamp Cost Comparison Cost Comparison between LEDs, CELs and Incandescent light bulbs 60 watt incandescent lamb LED i at hicadescent—II Light bulb projected lifespan 50.000 hours 10.000 hours I 1.200 hours = 14 watt compactfluorescent lamp Watts per bulb (equiv. 60 wafts) n - 10 14 r 60 (CFL) Cost per bulb $35.95 $3.95 $1.25 KWh of electricity used over 500 700 3000 = 10 watt LED lamp 50.000 hours Cost of electricity le 0.10per KWh) $30 570 $300 Bulbs needed for 50k hours of use 1 42 Equivalent 50k hours bulb expense $35.95 I $19.75 $52.50 Life-Cycle Analysis for 50,000 Total cost for 50k hours $85.75 Pan $352.50 hours: Energy Savings over 50.000 hours. assuming 23 bulbs per household: 60 watt incandescent = $8,812.50 Total cost for 25 bulbs 52143.75 $2243.75 $8812.50 14 watt compactfluorescent lamp Savings to household by switolang from ineandeseents $6668.75 $6568.75 0 (CFL) = $2,243.75 Motes: - Cost of electricity .t vary. The figures used above are for comparison only, and are not exact. Residential 10 watt LED lamp = $2,143.75 energy costs arc . : 7-e various states range from 28.53 cents (Hawaii) to 0.34 cents (Idaho) per KWH. - The cost per b. .EDs may vary. We used the figure of 535.45 (for a 60 watt equivalent LED bulb) as an average among • ; wtaders. - Estimates of tc r pan are projected. since it would take about 6 years of continuous lighting to test. Some manufacturers c> ! -e new LED bulbs will last up to 25 years under normal household use. but this is not proven. Source: - Bulb breakage a - replacement costs have not been factored into ths comparison chart. Incandescent bulbs and CFL bulbs are r-ore easily broken than LEDs. which increases their cost of use. - Most LEDs come with a minimum 2-year guarantee. My defective LED but a usually fail within this trne. comparison. html EFTA00281436  ACORNS PA SPECS SCARES C SERIES Lamp Types V C29VVV NS MI Al• NO 4444 NI 4.23 V C. ? .5 Q9000 Incandescent and Fluorescent lamps CA SORES TV t it SAMBA TAPIOCA 0 PAMPA o400 9v2v9V .7 44.0 GNI 141111 40 4. MI 614 011. Fla F, O =PM MAMMA AR ZAMA 7177V NIS FM Ale 030 NO ON 14•3 vvvy VVVY 1.4 .0 IONS 1. F. OMR= (Th T MEM 99999999V b... G.. ON GEO .0 13 14 MI5 99 1J0eP4QQ4 751110 173. 10 n 714 DO AT WW1 AMMO (-.) SD IMAM AP SWAB 9a09 Q90 Q IN ';7 7' .304211 VII FOS6 ri). 4333 413 EN . 4017 MB .3 FM. 4.4 EC. MN MIIII 11-watt LED lamp equivalent to PAA KR= IN Iv SMOOT( a 60-watt incandescent lamp 7 IT " qv 01) 6PPW Source: LIMESTAA LIMPAR MUOPEACENTS COMPACT PLUORASCATIT COMPACT RYOREACENT shapes-sizes ITO TT. TA TIA 114 R. 11. 74. 74.14144 444430. EFTA00281437 Lamp Comparison Usht light Incandescent: 90% of the energy they release is as heat, not light. CFLs create light by having an electric current forced through a tube containing gas. LED lighting is the most efficient incandescent Bulbs Compact Fluorescent Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting available today. Lamps (CFLs) Source: http://www.smartenergytoday.net/ind ustryknowledge/lighting/ EFTA00281438 Lamp Comparison Note Heat Emitted which also Comparing the features of Incandescent, CFL and LED bulbs ■ increases the needfor air LEDs CFts Incandescent conditioning r Frequent On/Off Cycling no effect shortens lifespan some effect Note hazanious materials for CFLs Turns on instantly yes slight delay yes Note required lighting levels (lumens orfoot-candles) must be Durability durable fragile fragile met, and required emergency Heat Emitted low (3 btu'slhr) medium (30 btulthr) high (U bttesitir) lighting for life safety must be met (emergency lighting for exiting). Sensitivity to high temperature some yes no Sensitivity to low temperature no yes no Sensitivity to humidity no yes some Hazardous Materials none 5 mg mercuryfbulb none Source: Replacement frequency 5 40+ (over S0lt hours) comparison. htm EFTA00281439 Daylighting Strategies DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES Examplefrom http://www.slideshate.net/BNIM/this-is- r every-budding 4 • INNOV • Daylight/ Windows • Light Tubes • North Diffuse Daylight • Daylight Responsive Dimming • Views • Daylight Harvesting • 98% Daylit 11111allell EFTA00281440 EA Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance, Lighting Controls Enough daylight Reduced daylight Night Occupied I. Daylight dimming controls for 15'-0" Occupied Occupied - Lighting ON from windows, and under skylights; - Lighting OFF - Lighting DIMMED 2. Daylight dimming controls for 50% of the lighting load; 3. Occupancy sensors for 75% of the connected lighting load Diagramsfrom: Enough daylight Reduced daylight, http://www.sclditect.co.uk/pir-occupancy- Night, Unoccupied Unoccupied Unoccupied switch-with-daylight-linked-dimming.html - Lighting OFF - Lighting OFF - lighting OFF EFTA00281441 EA Credit 1.2 Optimize Radio Powr Sawn. LRFX-DCRB Wireless Daylight Sensor Energy Performance, Radio Powr Savr. Wireless Daylight Sensor Lighting Controls Lutron. wireless daylight sensor is a battery-powered sensor that automatically controls lights via RF communication to compatible dimming or switching I. Daylight dimming controls devices. This sensor mounts to the ceiling and for 15 '-0" from windows, measures light in the space. The sensor then transmits the light level to the associated dimming or switching and under skylights; devices that automatically control the lights to balance light level in the space. The sensor combines both Ce 2. Daylight dimming controls convenience arid exceptional energy savings potential along with ease of installation. for 50% of the lighting load; Features 3. Some daylight sensors can • Wireless daylight sensor has simple calibration. Model Number • Daylight compensation through Lutrom reliable open LRFX-DCRB-WH integrate occupancy / loop control. Color Code vacancy sensors. • Designed to give a linear response to changes in viewed light level. Frequency/Channel Code • Light range 0 to 1600 Ix (0 to 150 fc). Frequency/Channel Codes • Uses Clear Connect. technology. 2 = 431.0 - 437.0 MHz (U.S.A.. Canada. Mexico. Brazil) • Works with Radio Powr Sam., occupancy/vacancy 3 = 868.125 - 869.850 MHz (Europe. U.A.E.) sensors and Pico. wireless controls. 4 = 868.125 - 868.475 MHz (China. Singapore) • One sensor can be associated with up to 10 Compatible 5 = 865.5 - 866.5 MHz (India) RF dimming and switching devices allowing for 6 = 312.3 - 314.8 MHz (Japan) switching, stepped dimming, and continuous dimming 7 = 433.05 - 434.79 MHz (Hong Kong. Macau) of multiple zones. • Intuitive test mode provides instant system verification. Color Code • Multiple ceiling mount methods available for different ceiling materials. WH = White • Front accessible test buttons make setup easy. Compatible RF Devices • 10-year battery life. • RoHS compliant. • For use with Lutroni products only. • Communicates to various wireless Lutron• systems'. EFTA00281442  LEED-CI LEED-C12.0 letter Template EA Credit 1.1 Optimize • EA Credit t.ti Optimise Energy Performance Lighting Power UslyN Energy Performance, (Professional Engneer or Ocher Resporeible Party, Lighting Power I. Kent Miele , cleclae to USGIC thot the project has achieved the following minnow in installed intent, fighting power density beyond that required by INSI/A-SHRAEAESNA 901.2004: As of January 1, 2015 Commercial (7 Reduced lighting power density to l 5% below the standard projects must comply with the 2012 r Reduced lighting power density to 25% below the standard. International Energy Conservation Code C Reduced lighting power density to 25% below thssmndard. (IECC) Then eke Litton was determined by the felloreilng method. Space-by-space method Scheduled to take effect in August 2015 all Cri Atildingmrea riarthad Residential projects must comply with the I lirarilndiuded the following addnicriel nipper ting documentation 2015 International Energy Conservation The Lighting Compliance Docurrentenco pcvnied in to ASHPAUESNA 5.. did 90.1.2004 Users Minuet Code (IECC). Cab Allow/ Uskting Lighting Potwar Gros; Area ASHRAE 90.1 prescribes a maximum of 4.I kung Area or Space Type Amer Monty [watts sq. ft.1 (sq. 0.1 A Haman. lereets1 1.0 watts per square foot for lighting ;ff., :on, 20-1:00 20.000 power density (LPD) Fora 10'-0" x 10'4" mom = 100 square I (115i LEED-CI LEED 2.0 Letter Template En Credit 1.1. Optimise Energy Performance Lighting Power feet the maximum energy that can be used for lighting is 100 watts. Teal Floor Arse Esq.a/ M:E=M leerier Lighting Power A Ihimatice linettel Il=== Examplefrom the LEED C12009 EA Credit 1.1 Letter Template isfor a 20,000 IMN: SF Office Project allowing 1W/SF, and — 1/10/ D —.. A -1. EFTA00281443  EA Credit 1.2 Optimize Energy Performance, Maestro Sensors Lutron quality and performance, now in a sensor. Lighting Controls 1. Occupancy sensors for 75% of the connected lighting load 2. Occupancy sensors can be: a. integrated into the lightfixture; PIR Secs*, PIR Chtahcircust CL. dimmer 0-10V dienmor Duahtechnokhay Owl-technob0y. b. integrated into a stand-alone daylight sensor switch sensor switch sensor staler sensor switch dual-circuit sensor switch mounted on the ceiling that connects to the light fixture; c. Integrated into the light switch 3. Occupancy/Vacancy sensors sense motion, and require "line of sight" to occupants. 4. An occupancy sensor turns on when you enter a mom, but needs to be manually turned off when you leave. 5. A vacancy sensor needs to be manually turned on, and turns off automatically when it does not sense motion for a set period of time. EFTA00281444 EA Credit 1.2 Optimize LEED-CI LEER< I 2 0 Lotto, Toreplate PA Credit 12: 0 ptinsiza Energy Porforrnance, lighting Controls Energy Performance, eSlUil Lighting Controls (Profesoio na I Engi-oor or Ct ha r Porporeibb Rory Kant Nikki, . &KW,' to USGEIC that daylight icaponsivaccntrob have boon instolod in all rooularly cat Lined ;pato wIthri 15 foot of wnlurs and undo skyighta I. Daylight dimming controls for 15 '-0" I hare induded the following additional supporting docuno•tetion from windows, and under skylights; IN A non.. .soiling dna lightiog controls that haw boon incorporated in the tanant spa. design. 2. Daylight dimming controls for 50% of IN A plan of lighting camel songs showing each control device tnd Ighting equipment ccntrollod. the lighting load; a Th. folkraing schadslo of lighting controls shoeing modal, type and other chow walks. 3. Occupancy sensors for 75% of the CostrelMOW litopdhomieg Control Tip. connected lighting load Zone (Room Humbert' ntl ° ""P.nq madly/Stop dimming tallest / Contiorous dknming) i Sonora Programmable Tuner) Conlyell3 3 IMake / Mods. Examplefrom the